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depth raider manual
Download Link: ➡ depth raider manual
File Name: depth raider manual.pdf
Size: 3030 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBookCategory: Book
Uploaded: 11 May 2019, 19:51 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 578 votes.
Last checked: 13 Minutes ago!
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depth raider manual
Installation is easy, but run a dedicated fused line from the battery to the unit. A lot of people make the mistake of running it or any other brand off an existing fuse block. That's where the problem's occur. Any problem's feel free to pm me or give Curt a call. Other electrical devices can interfere with the signal. You'll be happy with the unit. It's not as good as the original but will definitely help. If anyone would like it, pm me. Their website won't let you on without a username and password so it wasn't easy to get it from them. It's easy! Sign in here. Additionally, they understand that maintaining a specific range of trolling speeds is not only important to attract However, it can be very difficult to predict the speed and temperature of a lure when trolled at varying depths below the water surface. Surface speed and temperature gauges are ineffective at predicting sub-surface conditions since The Depth Raider system measures and displays this vital speed and temperature information with digital precision. The Depth Raider speed and temperature monitor tells you the exact speed and the exact temperature of your lure at it's running depth. The signal is received by a receiving antenna mounted on the downrigger boom. Once a transmission is received, data is decoded from the RF signal and converted into speed and temperature which is then displayed on the LCD display. The coating provides electrical isolation from the water since water is a conductor of electricity. Without the coating (or electrical isolation), a portion of the signal is absorbed by the water thereby reducing the signal level at the receiving antenna.While the Depth Raider system will operate to varying depths without the coated cable; installation of the coated cable is highly recommended to provide proper operation to 200 feet.Tuesday, August 25, 2020. All rights reserved.
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Without them we would not be here. No portion of this website can be used or distributed without prior written consent of Lake-Link, Inc. This website may contain affiliate links, meaning when you click the links and make a purchase, we receive a small commission. Does anyone have one they can scan and email.Any help would be great.Mount the antenna pick up on the rigger boom and run the downrigger cable thru the antenna pickup. The antenna pick up location will vary depending on your downrigger on my riggers I mount it between the pulleys so it does not get affected by cable movement. Get a Klincher terminator and remove the snap rivet and replace with a small stainless bolt.The Depth Raider sends its signal up the downrigger cable so has to be electrictly connected to the cable. Also since it is a low voltage signal the connection should be insulated hence the water proof tape and the coated downrigger cable. Send me your fax number by PM if you have one. It's easy! Sign in here. Created with Sketch. Eliminate the need for crimps by using the Klincher Termination Kit. No need to drill out the rivet with our Kincher Kit. Everything is included to make a termination including the stainless steel hardware and instructions. Large, easy-to-read LCD display. Probe runs up to 225 hours on a 9-volt battery (not included). Automatically shuts off when out of the water. I am working on a similar installation of a D2 heater and am trying to decide whether to take the exhaust out the hull starboard side or put it where you did. Is there any problems with exhaust fumes on the back deck from swirling exhaust when on anchor? Honda vs Mercury? I've got the 19' SeaRunner ET-ST and absolutely love it - no regrets whatsoever. PM me if I can be of any assistance. Reduced price I'm having it delivered to my marina for installation but want to ready my cannon ball hook up so I have several questions: Pretty much everything you need come;s with it.
The clincher I have has rivets not a screw holding it together so I figured just put a quick connect on the excess wire from the clinch. Fish Hawk Safety Security Guard Fish Hawk Safety Break-Away Lead Fish Hawk Safety Break-Away Lead Pinterest Explore Log in Sign up Privacy. What is the best way to install the probe onto the rigger cable, anyone have any pictures. If it helps - I've got Scotty Pro Paks 1116 but doubt it matters. Cheers, Gman I did this last year when I got my Depth Raider and it works slick. I also have Scotty's. What will matter is getting the Scotty autostop beads through the DR pickup antenna. They won't fit through the standard antenna coil. I used one of the larger diameter pickup cols from my black box and it worked fine (didn't need the black box on that rigger with the insulated cable). As I'm sure you know, those riggers are just to damn fast to not have the autostop working. Tim Try to get as direct connection as possible limit the number of swivels (only one) and get yourself a can of liquid electrical tape. Cover everything in the liquid, it's easy to remove, it makes a water tight connection, and if you have to take the probe off, it's easy to put more liquid back on. firefly I've read in the instruction manual and it recommends for the Scotty's with the auto stop beads I will require a larger diameter antenna on the rigger arm. Where can I get this or can you just open and spread the existing antenna, or that not such a good idea. Does the DR cable actually have to run through the antenna. Any one out there with this combination who can assist. I want to do this as correctly as possible the first time. Thanks, Cheers, Gman Is there anything special I need to do or just let that wire sleeve sit on the cable. Is there a preferred location to have the wire sleeve on the rigger arm. Cheers, G, Where can I get this or can you just open and spread the existing antenna, or that not such a good idea.
This modification can also be done on downriggers that do not use auto-stop beads such as a Cannon Downrigger or Walker Downrigger. Replace the standard stainless steel downrigger cable with nylon coated downrigger cable. For Scotty downriggers feed the coated downrigger cable through the boom fairlead. For all other downriggers, secure the contact sleeve to the boom as well as the antenna cable. Displays speeds for 0 to 9.9 mph and temperature from 32?F to 99.9?F Features user-selectable temperature (F or C) and speed (mph, Kph, Knots). As of right now I am using my manual for the probe but would like to set up to use the electric, I dont want to crimp the cable either dont want to. Feel Free to call or email us if. Best Fishing Rods Pike Fishing Fishing Line Drop Shot Fishing Fishing Books Terminal Tackle Fishing Tackle Box Salmon Fishing Copper Color Copper, Monel and Lead Core Fishing Lines - Heavy Deep Trolling Lines Copper fishing lines have been in use for a long time, but only recently they have been put to general use by introduction of multi-strand copper fishing wires. Had a tangle on a 300 copper and had to cut off the leader. The combo was purchased all set up. What knot do you tie or do you prefer spro swivels. Double Barrel American Sweaters For Women Wire Sleeves Coupon Holder Color Black Discount Shoes AFW Leader Sleeves Best Fishing Rods Pike Fishing Fishing Line Drop Shot Fishing Fishing Books Terminal Tackle Fishing Tackle Box Salmon Fishing Copper Color Surfstrand Bare Copper Trolling Wire 1x7 How To Remove How To Make Raiders Search Google Searching Raiders Connection Hunting Fishing Deer Hunting Peaches Gone Fishing clincher and depth raider signal connection Hi Guys Can you tell me the best way to make the signal connection from the clincher release to the depth raider so I can still remove the probe when not in use.
If you plan on returning your item for a refund please contact is within 7 days of receiving your goods. Goods must be returned in original packaging and must be unused un-damaged and in resalable condition. Please note a restocking fee may and probably will apply. By purchasing this item you have agreed to our returns policy. All Rights Reserved. User Agreement, Privacy, Cookies and AdChoice Norton Secured - powered by Verisign. Chitown-Angler was started on February 10, 2003 and has received 270550603 page views in total since that date. Need assistance or have a question.Do not duplicate, copy, reproduce or link to any of the content contained on this web site without the express written consent of Chitown-Angler LLC. We will attempt to ensure that objectionable material be removed on a timely basis. No Profanity, obscene, pornographic, racist, sexist, libelous, abusive, or otherwise illegal posts will be allowed. Your membership can be revoked at any time for not abiding to any of these guidelines. The contents of these forums are owned solely by Chitown-Angler.com LLC. All photographs, written content or artwork contained within this site are protected by International copyright laws and copyright laws of the United States of America. You may not reproduce, delete or use any photographs, artwork or written content in any form without the express written consent of the owner. We appreciate your support and thank you. Solid Penn engineering assures years of convenient, trouble free downrigger fishing. Easy to use, highly visible and lowest cost planer board releases ever made. Invented and used by an avid fisherman in Superior, WI. I use these releases myself and use different colors on each planer line to quickly tell which pole has released.PLEASE BE AWARE THAT DELIVERY CAN TAKE UP TO 30-40 DAYS. YOU AGREE. more TO THIS WHEN YOU PURCHASE. NO FIRST CLASS.
Gman, I bought a Cannon unit last year and got the larger spring antenna from them. You may want to contact the manufacturer of your unit for the larger spring antenna. Tightlines gave me the piece to accomodate the autostop beads. I think it is part No. 1212. The way it was explained to me.Remove the plastic sleeve from the guide and replace it with the metal contact sleeve then screw it all back together. I haven't got around to installing it yet on mine. -NT Then crimp a second swivel aswell. Buy doubling up on the top of the probe it adds a saftey. Surprising how some people have lost their probes. It is cheaper to buy the whole unit complete then just a probe. So double up and have fun. Something went wrong.Learn more - opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab This amount is subject to change until you make payment. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab Learn more - opens in a new window or tab Learn more - opens in a new window or tab Learn more - opens in a new window or tab Learn more - opens in a new window or tab Learn more - opens in a new window or tab See the seller's listing for full details. Contact the seller - opens in a new window or tab and request postage to your location. Please enter a valid postcode. Please enter a number less than or equal to 0. If you don't follow our item condition policy for returns, you may not receive a full refund. Refunds by law: In Australia, consumers have a legal right to obtain a refund from a business if the goods purchased are faulty, not fit for purpose or don't match the seller's description. More information at returns.
We will send you a confirmation email when your order ships as well as tracking information to your PayPal email address. FREE Standard Shipping Free Ground Shipping(UPS Ground. USPS First Class, or USPS Priority) has a transit time of 2- 5 business days. Free shipping is not available to Alaska or Hawaii. Combined Shipping We do combine shipping; please email us before you pay(we cannot send a combined shipping invoice after you pay) and we will send you an invoice. Combined shipping is generally 100 HEAVY DUTY The unit is used. Thanks for your business. Tight lines! Buy extra as a back up. Don't let this price get away. For each set ordered you will recieve 2 caps. Larger quantities are available by contacting us. Thanks for looking and keep those lines tight.Easy to use, highly visible and lowest cost planer board releases ever made. I use these releases myself and use different colors on each planer line to quickly tell which pole has released.Easi-Troll, Lake-Troll, Mini-Mag downriggers. Will not fit the brand new Easi-Troll ST. Includes. more screws(no nuts) Fast free shipping in the USA! ag6 2.RcmdId ViewItemDescV4,RlogId p4`bo7`jtb9?uk.rp73(c>ag6>2-14b8c5fae47-0x117- Built with a 2:1 retrieval speed. Perfect for smaller boats. Each model allows for quick line retrieval and controlled, one-handed weight descent. FAST RETRIEVAL RATE Our Uni-Troll and Easi-Troll models feature an innovative design that lets you pull your lines back in with less cranking effort. The quicker you can retrieve your lines. The quicker you can get back to catching fish. CONTROLLED WEIGHT DESCENT Get controlled. Accurate bait positioning thanks to the One-Hand Clutch Deploy on all Cannon manual downriggers. It's designed to gradually, precisely lower your weight and lure into the strike zone. Features: ? Fast. Effortless 2:1 retrieval speed. One-Hand Clutch Deploy for simple. Precise bait positioning. Enclosed boom end pulley prevents line jumping.
Easy-Access Universal Mounting Base- same as our electric models. Dual axis rod holder- fully adjustable. Both front to back and side to side. Ergonomic crank handle. Integrated ball storage hook. Three-digit depth counter.We have almost every CANNON downrigger part in stock. Please let us know what are.All parts are brand new and authentic. Thank you for your business.Please let us know what are.All parts are brand new and authentic. Thank you for your business Comes with stainless retaining nut. TROLL MASTER Product PN-1001 We have almost every CANNON downrigger part in stock. Thank you for your business. RcmdId ViewItemDescV4,RlogId p4`bo7`jtb9?eog4d72f+f7`>-13f9d7e6b07-0xfd- This unit comes with a probe.lost the power cable and the transducer. This is just the head unit and the probe. This is marked in picture 2. Fish Hawk 840 Thermo Troll Computer. Surface Temp- Speed. Downrigger Temp- Speed.In picture 3 is the back and it is where you plug in the. Triducer. Power cord and you also can make fine adjustments if nescisary. In picture 4 you see the Downrigger probe. It is in good condition and uses 1- 9volt battery to opperate. In picture 7 is the printed Owners manual, i did not find the original so we printed one online. Everything as you see is in good condition and ready for you to hook to your boat. This would be great to have for your fishing seasons. I ain't a fisherman, I am a diver. I bought the boat and Fish Hawk stuff came with the boat, thus as a diver I don't use it. All equipment works. What you see is what you get. 840 fish hawk thermo-troll unit, transducer, 2 probes; fish hawk X4 probe and the original speed Temp probe. X4 Owners manual. I'll ship it free USPS anywhere in the continental U.S. Accepted payments: Paypal. The tax rate will be charged based on the address the item is being shipped TO. Incorrect Payments: Will not be shipped until corrected. Please wait until invoice is sent.
Combined Shipping-To get the combined shipping price you MUST wait for me to combine the invoice BEFORE YOU PAY. If you do not do this you will not get the combined shipping price. Downrigger Cable 200 lb 450 feet Green. New. Picture is for informational purposes. Box may or may not look like picture. Downrigger Cable(Braid) Replacement. Whether running deep with trolling weights. Planer devices or downriggers(manual or electric) PowerPro delivers the sensitivity, strength, near zero stretch and silence needed to CATCH MORE. PowerPro Downrigger Replacement line. Sometimes the best sound is no sound at all. Electrostatic hums. An electric current. However slight, is generated as friction occurs between the water and the downrigger cable while trolling. When trolling with downrigger cables at depth, fish are acutely sensitive to these electric impulses through their lateral lines. Over the past century, studies have proven that all fish react differently to these electrical currents. The only consistent factor is that the majority of all game fish are attracted to positive ions(anodes) and shy away from negative ions(cathodes) Downrigger cables produce positive or negative ions depending on many factors: salinity, trolling speed, minerals in the water, and even depth.The base is in used but in great conndition. This will fit Marlin. Uni-troll and other models Please.PLEASE BE AWARE THAT DELIVERY CAN TAKE UP TO 30-40 DAYS. YOU AGREE. more TO THIS WHEN YOU PURCHASE. Downrigger Cable 200 lb 300 feet Green. New. Picture is for informational purposes. The only consistent factor is that the majority of all game fish are attracted to positive ions(anodes) and shy away from negative ions(cathodes) Downrigger cables produce positive or negative ions depending on many factors: salinity, trolling speed, minerals in the water, and even depth.
Product number KN-4005 Ebay Item Number 111603639739 This feature provides effortless re-positioning of the downrigger boom inboard for rigging. Docking or towing. The fact that this swivel base allows for installation of two leading downrigger manufacturers provides fisherman with ability to switch from manual to electric or from one brand to another without any additional investments or re-rigging efforts. The base is brand new. All stainless hardware required for installation is included. Thank you for your business UNI-TROLL, MARLIN, DIGI-TROLL and other models with telescopic booms. Please feel free to ask questions. Tight lines We have almost every CANNON downrigger part in stock. Please let us know what are you looking for.. more All parts are brand new and authentic. Please ask questions. Buy with confidence. Thank you for your business. Easy to use, highly visible and lowest cost planer board releases ever made. I use these releases myself and use different colors on each planer line to quickly tell which pole has released. ONLY OFFERS FOR MORE THAN ONE BULK PACK WILL BE CONSIDERED You can email me with your ZIP Code for firm shipping quotes on larger quantities WE ALSO OFFER THESE RELEASES WITH YOUR OWN CUSTOM UP TO THREE LINE BUSINESS LOGO AT ADDITIONAL COST.Click to close full size.. more Item Description. Minn Kota Trolling Motor Power Center 1820175 Model Number: 1820175 Brand New in Original Packaging In Stock and Ready to Ship. We only accept payment via PayPal. If you purchase multiple items from us. Please email us before you pay so we can send you a combined invoice. Thanks for your purchase. Sales Tax We are legally required to collect sales tax in the state of Illinois. The applicable amount of sales tax charged to an order will be calculated based on the shipment destination's state and Illinois sales tax laws. Domestic Shipping 1-Day Handling Time This item is in stock and we ship within 1 business day of payment.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING PLEASE CONTACT ME FOR COMBINED SHIPPING RATES Processing: We do our best to get shipments out the next business. more day. After payment is received. However, due to order volume, weekends, and holidays your item(s) can take up to 5 days to ship. If you need your item in a hurry please let me know ahead of time. Orders are processed on a first come, first serve basis unless arrangements are made. Shipping days: Priority mail and Fedex are picked up Tuesday- Friday. Damaged shipments: All shipments have insurance included. Please notify the driver upon delivery if the package appears damaged. They will NOT note the damage unless you point it out. Pen the package and inspect the item for damage. If the item is damaged contact me immediately for further instruction on filing a claim. DO NOT throw away the packaging. Put the package back together, it may need to be made available for inspection by the carrier. POLICIES Electronics: We guarantee all our electronics to work properly upon installation. You have a 7 day period after receiving the item to notify us of any problems. If you need longer please check with me prior to bidding. Feedback: We leave all our feedback once a month. Do to the number of sales it is easier to leave feedback all at once. If you are a new seller and need your feed Pole holder, counter, steel line and the clips to attatch weight(no weight included) There is NO mounting base(can be purchased on ebay) Item is used in very good condition,normal in-use marks, no chips or cracks. I have removed the pole holder for shipping, small bolt attaches it and is included. Payment is due within 2 days of auction end unless I hear from you, always glad to work with bidders. Thanks for looking. IF YOUR AN INTERNATIONAL BIDDER PLEASE PLEASE ASK FOR SHIPPING COST, DUE TO WEIGHT THIS WILL BE EXPENSIVE TO SHIP. Only used a few times! Only used a few times.
RcmdId ViewItemDescV4,RlogId p4`bo7`jtb9?eog4d72f+f7`>-13f13cfb2a5-0x101- One FLEX-I-TROLL has a silver holographic design on its blades and the second has the bright orange and three black circles design. The flexible wire cable is 12” in length. The FLEX-I-TROLL nickel blades and pink rudder set up a fish calling vibration as it moves through the water as it attracts fish to it. Condition: Very Good to Excellent. Canada, and Worldwide. They will be shipped within 1 business day after receiving your cleared PayPal payment. For. more Canada and Worldwide: The USPS has recently increased the cost for shipments to out of country locations. Unfortunately. These additional costs must be passed on to you. Please rest assured that I would keep shipping costs down to the very minimum. Payment: I'd like to send your purchase to you ASAP. Please make your payment via PayPal within 3 days of auction ending. I accept and prefer payment directly from PayPal or Credit Card payment via PayPal. Please take the time to review my eBay feedback. You may bid with confidence. Good luck with your bidding! 560.RcmdId ViewItemDescV4,RlogId p4`bo7`jtb9?eog4d72f+>560-13f9da52949-0x102- This downrigger clamps on the side of your boat for ease of portability on small boats. Friends boat or even a vacation rental boat. Buyer Pays the shipping. U.S.P.S. Most of the boxes we use are made from used cardboard. We recycle. Thank you You know the downrigger water temperature and lure speed while trolling at depths from the surface to 200 feet. Works with all makes and models of downriggers. Transmitting sensor simply snaps onto the downrigger cable. The downrigger wire is NOT used for transmission of data. Information is transmitted through the water vie telemetry(sonar. Looks complete. I have NOT tested this unit. It is dry on the inside, seal is fine. Again you are bidding on the probe only. Good Providence. I'm not sure if the unit works. May need to be reconditioned.
The computer reads speed and temperature and is in good condition, the display face is very nice but the plastic case has yellowed a bit from the sun(see pics) 2 of the 3 trolling probes are in very good condition, with no chips or cracks, battery compartments are clean and they have the metal leads attached. The third probe may have to.The cables are in very good condition. I don't know much about these so feel free to ask questions. Check out the slideshow to see other vintage treasures I have listed on ebay. PayPal is accepted. Payment is due within 3 days. MI residents add 6% sales tax to the total. International bids are welcome. PayPal is accepted. Customs forms will be completed accurately. The item will be listed as a used item. Not as a gift, with the actual purchase price documented on the customs forms. The buyer is responsible for all customs charges. Buyer pays reasonable shipping which will be based on your location. Please use the shipping calculator to determine the shipping cost to your area. International buyers please email me for shipping costs to your country. Items ship within 5 business days after receipt of payment Please contact me through the ebay message system. Additionally. They understand that maintaining a specific range of trolling speeds is not only important to attract game fish but is also important to ensure the lure is running with the proper action. However. It can be very difficult to predict the speed and temperature.Surface speed and temperature gauges are ineffective at predicting sub-surface conditions since day-to-day environmental effects such as wind speed and wind direction can create underwater currents and drastically alter the sub-surface water temperature. The Depth Raider system measures and displays this vital speed and temperature information with digital precision. Theory of Operation- Upon entry into the water. Once a transmission is received.
Data is decoded from the RF signal and converted into speed and temperature which is then displa Immediate USPS Priority Mail shipping same day PayPal payment received or next business day at latest. Shipment notification. Shipments made twice daily for expedited fast delivery times to you. Please see my other listings for more Downrigger. Most ship free. Collectibles, Home Decor and more. We deal directly with the highest quality manufacturers.All of the items we offer for sale(unless otherwise expressly noted) are brand new, in factory sealed boxes, and have never been opened. We offer the highest quality original items from the best manufacturers. Some of the items we offer may have been produced a few years ago but they are still in original, unopened, factory sealed boxes Shipping: All of the items in our store have FREE SHIPPING in the lower 48 United States. We ship via UPS Ground. We can also ship Overnight. Second Day, or Three Day at additional expense. Please email us and ask for a shipping quote. Payment: PayPal is our preferred method of payment. We also can process Visa and MasterCard. Questions Prior To Purchase: We are happy to help our customers better understand the items we have for sale. If you have any questions regarding Size. Color, Model Number, Character, Edition, Weight, Battery Needs, etc.Please note that we will respond as quickly as possible. Regarding Edition Numbers- PMIVP's Super Savings Center does NOT discuss edition numbers of the limited edition collectibles we offer for sale. These items are These were purchased used and have been stored in the gareg till this past week. These are made of aluminum not Lexan. These would be good to have to mount your Cannon Downriggers. Buyer pays the shipping.U.S.P.S. US only. No International Most of the boxes we use are made from used cardboard. We recycle. Thank you Walleye's, Northern Pike, and Stealheads, in any weather conditions! Minor surface wear.
Unit was working the last time owner used it. Has not been tested since. Both controls move easily. Minor oxidation on the aluminum around the voltage switch. Black Box has not been cleaned or repaired. Photographs show top. Bottom and rotated views of the box with detail. 9 ounces- Total Weight including box Please examine the photographs as they are an integral part of the description. Thanks for looking! Payment- within three days of end of auction. Buy-It-Now listings require payment upon purchase. The difference. If any, between invoiced shipping and the actual cost of postage will be refunded to your PayPal account. International buyers must contact me for shipping quote. International buyers are responsible for all duties.International shipping is insured for the final value and declared as merchandise with full value of item. I tested this for power only. I hooked it up to my bench power supply and it powered and lit up, no further testing was done. Any questions please ask. Thanks for looking. Please Note: I have done my best to test and describe this and its condition accurately. My items are sold as-is. If you have a concern. Please contact me before you leave negative feedback or open a case with eBay. I only accept returns for items that are DOA or significantly not as described. Please contact me within 24 hours of receipt of the item. Buyer pays return shipping. I try to ship the next business day after I receive your payment. Most items ship via.If you are in the United States, this means you should receive your item within 2-3 business days after I ship it. Larger items will be shipped via a slower service because of the expense. Payment is due immediately. If not received in 48 hours from the close of the auction a non-paying bidder claim will be filed with eBay. I only ship to the address on the PayPal invoice. Please update your address before you bid. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Power cord and probe are not included.
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depth map manual
Download Link: ➡ depth map manual
File Name: depth map manual.pdf
Size: 1873 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBookCategory: Book
Uploaded: 30 May 2019, 18:18 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 799 votes.
Last checked: 12 Minutes ago!
⬆ LINK ⬆
In order to read or download depth map manual ebook, you need to create a FREE account.
eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version
✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account. ✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use) ✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied. ✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers
Book Descriptions:
depth map manual
For example, we can select 6-9 segments in this picture. As a result, we get the following: You can use either the usual lasso tool or polygonal lasso or magnetic lasso. It doesn’t really matter. Here I separate the vase with flowers from the background. As a result, we get the image split into segments. The fill colour will depend on the object distance. For example, the petal in the foreground is closer to the viewer than the vase. Consequently, the foreground petal should be lighter, close to the white colour. The background should be almost black. Different background areas are unequally distant from the viewer. The bottom part is closer, the top part is farther. That’s why in order to get better results we need to use the gradient tool to fill the background. Select the background and fill it with the top-down gradient: Using this series you can create a lenticular 3D image with the help of 3DMasterKit. Moreover, the program is adapted to many languages. You can download the editor from There are handy tools enabling objects selection. Here’s an example. I took this pic some years ago in Nevada. I open the picture in GIMP and split it into parts. Then I use the gradient tool to fill the layers. Note that you are drawing a depth map, which is not the image itself. Thus, you do not need to repeat the lights and darks of the picture, as well as colour transitions, etc. You only need to show the distances to the objects in the scene (see the picture below). Then I use the “Flatten image” function (merge layers) and blur the image with the Gaussian filter to make the depth map “smoother”. As a result, I get the following: Then we need to use Triaxes StereoTracer to generate a series of frames. Here’s the resulting stereo pair (the first and last frames of the series): Anaglyph image: Animated GIF exported from StereoTracer: Look at the part of the chair, where the singer’s foot is placed.
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This section will help get the user started on the application of the software. There are 8 tabs available namely: File, Edit, Map, Attributes, Tools, View, Window, Help. Please click here to view the Depthmap demo. (B) These tutorials aim to provide the user with the necessary skills to conduct basic space syntax analysis. For more advance uses please see the depthmapX github page ( link ). Until then, reported statistics will be incomplete. In addition, the most recent version of Depthmap now supplies a range of. Space syntax analyses examine the relationships between componentsThe analyses available within Depthmap include the original visibility analysis, generation and analysis of axial maps as well as segment analysis. InDepthmap was first written for the Silicon Graphics IRIX operating system as a simple isovist processing program in 1998. Since then it has goneIt is designed to run on Windows 2000 and XP operatingThis document is still in draft form; as yet, figures are still to be added, as. If you work with a stereo image (stereo pair), you can calculate a depth map in a special program, for example, in Triaxes StereoTracer. However, if you want to create a 3D image out of a flat 2D picture, you will have to draw the depth map manually (add depth information). For that you will need a graphics editor (Adobe Photoshop, GIMP or any other) and the following functions: I use Adobe Photoshop in this example, but you can do the same using any other program, for example, GIMP, which is freeware (I will describe the process of manual depth map creation using GIMP in the next example). Now you have 2 identical layers in the Layers dialogue. Now we have only 1 layer left. All these operations are needed to unlock the background layer. Now we segment the image for the further depth map creation. Th idea is to divide unequally distant objects into different layers, so that equally distant objects belong to 1 layer.
The visibility graph may then be analysed directly using graph measures, or used as the core of an agent-based analysis. In the agent-based analysis a number of software agents representing pedestrians are released into the environment. Each software agent is able to access the visual accessibility information for its current location from the visibility graph, and this informs its choice of next destination. The numbers of agents passing through gates can be counted, and compared to actual numbers of pedestrians passing through gates. That is, derive a reduced straight-line network of the open space in an environment. The axial map has been the staple of space syntax research for many years, but the mathematical derivation of it is novel. The automatic derivation allows an objective map for research into city form and function. Once the map has been generated, it may be analysed using graph measures, and the measures may be transferred to gate layers in order to compare with indicators of pedestrian or social behaviour. For larger systems where the derivation algorithm becomes cumbersome, pre-drawn axial maps may be imported. These may be analysed using a variety of techniques, such as according to angular separation, road distance, or segment steps. For example, number of shortest angular paths through a segment may be calculated, or the average road distance from each segment to all others may be calculated. These two models are theoretically different in spite of the fact that they agree on the principal relationship between space and society. They start from different representations, and they diverge at the point of modelling. The agent model represents an emergent process that leads to form aggregate patterns of movement activity. Through its ability to display movement data in relation to aggregate patterns of agents, depthmapX’s agents have proven to be an effective tool to simulate natural movement.
A depth map is created from a source image and is typically in gray scale format. It will appear as though the original source image has depth to it. Follow our tutorial to manually create a depth map. Join our Facebook group and converse with other creators. While it’s true that any 2D image can become 3D, some images work better than others. Images with even more natural layers of depth, such as dust and moi will lead to even better 3D Photos. The edge doesn’t need to be super precise. At the end, we’ll convert these layers into solid color to represent the depth. Then move backwards: move to the middle ground and then f inally the background. It’s fine to keep the boots and other rocks that we already sliced here since those layers will cover them up: Farther out layers should be dark and layers in the foreground should be light gray. It works at a variety of scales from building through small urban to whole cities or states. At each scale, the aim of the software is to produce a map of open space elements, connect them via some relationship (for example, intervisibility or overlap) and then perform graph analysis of the resulting network. The objective of the analysis is to derive variables which may have social or experiential significance. You may also find tutorials for 7.12.00 and 8.15.00 useful. Original drawings by J Hanson, digitised by A Turner. These examples are used in the SalaScript Manual. Calculate total depth for each node in a VGA, axial or convex map. Calculate the shortest cycle for each node in an axial or convex map It can produce point isovists, that is, polygons representing the visually accessible area from a location, along with measures of those polygons (such as perimeter, area and so on), or it can further join a dense grid of isovists into a visibility graph of intervisible points (with graphs of up to about 1000000 point locations).
UCL Depthmap's original purpose was to perform integration analysis of isovists just as the integration of axial lines could be calculated. It has now developed in a number of difierent directions, so it has become closer to a traditional GIS system with analysis functions for graphs built in. In doing so, it has acquired features available in other space syntax software, including data layers for gate counts and building information, scattergrams and derived columns, as well as new measures and analysis of space, including agent-based tools, axial map generation and angular segment analysis. Request full-text Citations (14) References (14). Most of these ideas were incorporated in a software application called Depthmap, which Turner first described in 2001. As the research progressed Depthmap's capabilities increased (Turner, 2004; Turner, 2007b) until it was finally renamed depthmapX and released as free and opensource by Varoudis (2012) under a GPLv2 license. As an important research tool of the Space Syntax community Depthmap and later depthmapX implemented and slowly accumulated a large amount of knowledge which is now available through its source code and interface... Many of these metrics describe properties of the graph, the isovist, or the configuration, others are permutations and some are normalisations. Many researchers use depthmapX to carry out VGA, but, while the functionality of the program has been described in various forms Turner, 2004; Turner, 2007b; Silva and Turner, 2010;Al-Sayed et al., 2014) there exists no comprehensive manual explaining what each metric does.. Dissecting Visibility Graph Analysis: The metrics and their role in understanding workplace human behaviour Conference Paper Jul 2019 Petros Koutsolampros K Sailer Tasos Varoudis R Haslem Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) is one of the main methods of analysis of interior space within the field of Space Syntax, formulated by Turner et al.
Space Syntax builds on a synchronic reduction of spatial relationships in the built environment. Mapping this reduction into networks of longest and fewest lines, depthmapX’s axial and segment analyses are powerful methods for predicting to-movement and through-movement in cities. On the scale of buildings, spatial analysis using depthmapX can reveal relational structures that convey how social organisations occupy spaces.It also affords experimental and developer approaches. These communities range between planners, designers, social scientists, anthropologists, crime scientists, geographers, computer scientists and economists. In general terms, all what brings together the social and the spatial. In different contexts, spatial modelling using depthmapX can help forming assumptions about social behaviour in space and model spatial and social relationships. Moreover, depthmapX significance exceeds its common usage as an analytical tool to understand the built environment on different scales and go beyond that to act as a design and decision making support tool. The intelligent usage of software will deploy it in supporting design process with a knowledge-base that is suggested to make designs more responsive towards the real settings of the built environment. In simple terms, depthmapX is increasingly used as a tool for design thinking. By using it efficiently, the software helps on sparing time and cost, particularly on the scale of complex buildings and large scale urban planning. Have fun and share your ideas. Thanks, Tasos. Request full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied Request full-text Download citation Copy link Link copied To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author. Citations (14) References (14) Abstract This short paper discusses some of the new functions available in UCL Depthmap 7.
Human wayfinding behaviour and metrics in complex environments: A systematic literature review Article Jun 2020 Architect Sci Rev Hassan Iftikhar Parth Shah Yan Luximon The university campuses situated in metropolitan city centres have morphed into complex environments due to congested layout and high-rise buildings. The environmental legibility for wayfinding within these environments is a great matter of concern. These environments have a significant visual absence of dedicated traditional cues for pedestrian navigation, such as distinguishable intersections, dedicated pathways, and information signage. This study presents a systematic review of various factors affecting wayfinding behaviour in complex environments. Five keywords including 'university campus wayfinding', 'cross-cultural wayfinding', 'virtual wayfinding', 'signage pictograms' and 'unfamiliar environment wayfinding' have been formulated from research questions. The articles have been searched in four most relevant research databases. Out of 4257, twenty-seven articles have been selected. Factors such as environment complexity, wayfinding metrics, environmental familiarity, experimental settings, signage design, and cultural differences are critically discussed. This paper also discusses the technological contributions of virtual and augmented reality in the exploration of wayfinding behaviour. Cost-distance (Hac?guzeller 2008) and 3D visual analysis (Paliou 2008; Paliou et al. 2011) at the building level have demonstrated how current GIS technology permits a study of phenomenological and cognitive properties of buildings through a detailed study of their configurational properties. 1 In terms of software applications, space syntax techniques have been incorporated as add-ons within a GIS environment in several instances, and GIS has also served as a digital cartographic platform in which to import space syntax results (cf., e.g., Turner 2007a).
Perhaps most important of all is that recent versions of Depthmap as the software mainstay of current space syntax work have come to include GIS-like features; it is now possible to enter non-spatial data in the database tables provided by the software and, much as in any GIS software, these database tables are linked to the spatial features represented ( Turner 2007b ). A comparative analysis of topological, visual and metric properties of archaeological space in Malia and Pylos Chapter Full-text available Apr 2014 Piraye Haciguzeller Ulrich Thaler Topological and visual analyses in the space syntax tradition on the one hand and GIS-based spatial analyses on the other have started out on very different trajectories, not only in the scope of applications but also in their underlying premises; the Euclidian metric basis of the latter, for instance, stands in stark contrast to the idea of a configurational topology which forms the basis of traditional space syntax. More recently, there has been a notable convergence both in analytical scope and in the form of software implementations; this has not been paralleled, however, by comparable efforts in terms of explicitly comparative or even integrative studies, a gap we seek to (begin to) address in the present paper on the basis of parallel analyses of topological, visual and metric properties for two case studies. The purpose of this exercise is threefold: Firstly, comparisons of the respective analytical results will aid an appreciation of the strengths and potential weaknesses of specific approaches as well as an identification of both complementary and alternative techniques, but will ultimately also help to gain a reliable basis for future integrative work. Secondly, and more specifically, GIS-based metric integration analysis will be introduced and 'fieldtested' in comparison with conventional space syntax analyses, from which it derives-in a first step towards a more integrated perspective-part of its inspiration.
(2001) by extending Benedikt’s work on isovists and isovist fields (1979). It is a means to quantify the configuration of space as regular units which can then be used to identify the relationship of that space to the behaviour of the humans that occupy it. This paper is interested in the application of this method and its related metrics in workplaces, and how it can be used to understand the behaviour of office workers. Such information can then be used as evidence when designing new office spaces. We focus on the main tool used by the Space Syntax community: depthmapX (previously known as Depthmap). There are 25 VGA metrics that depthmapX can currently calculate, a mixture of classic graph-theory metrics, metrics borrowed from the urban-scale Space Syntax theories and some VGA-specific metrics describing local spatial properties. Some of the metrics are also derivatives, permutations and normalisations of other metrics which provide new information in relation to the configuration of space. While some of the metrics were described in previous research, there has never been a comprehensive understanding of all the VGA metrics produced by depthmapX, especially the concepts, formulae and algorithms behind their calculation. This has led researchers to focus on small subsets of these metrics avoiding thus the scattered and opaque nature of the theory and application. In previous research we have used VGA extensively aiming to understand human behaviour in office spaces but specifically only explored those that deal with local and global visibility. This paper first describes and elaborates on the various metrics produced by the current version of depthmapX and also outlines the theoretical considerations for each metric and how these potentially relate to human behaviour. Using a large dataset with VGA and observation data in office spaces we examine how these metrics relate to two kinds of behaviours: movement and interaction.
We test how well each metric predicts each behaviour using two aggregations, per-floor and per-metric-quantile-bin. We show that for most of the metrics tested, permetric-quartile-bin works better than per-floor. The findings suggest that of the two behaviours examined, movement is best predicted, with many of the local and global metrics significant and with high effects. This paper contributes to the general Space Syntax field in relation to indoor spatial analysis, by providing a thorough description of the metrics of VGA. It also aims to highlight how and which of these metrics can be used to specifically understand human behaviour in workplaces. Ultimately, such information can be used to predict this behaviour in newly designed office-spaces and thus allow designers to inform their designs. View Show abstract. These configurations are instrumental in building up spatial knowledge (Ishikawa et al. 2008) and can decrease the probability of disorientation during wayfinding. The methodology of space syntax, along with the spatial features, also aids the identification of routes through visibility and depth mapping (Jiang and Liu 2009;Li and Klippel 2012;Ratti 2004; Turner 2007). Space syntax is a combination of several techniques which theoretically analyse the relationship between human behaviour and the surrounding environment (Li and Klippel 2012)... The study by Hoeven and van Akkelies (2014) mentioned in Table 1 evaluated wayfinding in underground train stations in Belgium using space syntax and found it effective in analysing the space. Although the metrics for wayfinding may seem to be excluded from the described methodologies of space syntax (Ratti 2004), axial lines have a strong influence on wayfinding (Jiang and Liu 2009; Turner 2007). A study (Natapov et al. 2020) has explored the links between wayfinding and different building circulation types using the spatial syntax methodology..
Thirdly and no less importantly, we seek to contribute to a better understanding of the archaeological contexts under discussion, i.e. the Middle Bronze Age Building A of Quartier Mu at Malia on Crete and the Late Bronze Age palace of Pylos at Ano Englianos in Messenia. Both the Axial Map and the VGA analyses of the virtual environment were performed using the DepthmapX software 0.50 (Turner, 2004 (Turner,, 2007b Varoudis, 2012). Once the medium resolution axial map model was created ( Figure A1, Appendix), axial integration ( Figure 3a), axial connectivity ( Figure 3b) and axial choice ( Figure 3c) values were computed for each node in the environment (Tables A1 and A2, Appendix).. Do environmental characteristics predict spatial memory about unfamiliar environments. Article Oct 2019 Spatial Cognit Comput Marianna Pagkratidou Alexia Galati Marios N. Avraamides Using Space Syntax techniques, we examined the relationship between environmental properties and spatial memory following navigation in a virtual environment. Participants navigated two main routes as well as two connector routes, memorizing landmark locations in the main routes. Memory was then examined through a pointing task and a model-building task. Participants pointed more accurately to locations of higher axial connectivity, integration, and choice, but pointed less accurately from those locations. Converging results were obtained with measures of visual connectivity, integration, and through vision. A different agent model is thus required to fully simulate the diverse human usage of environments. The present study proposes such an agent based simulation model for seat choice based on visual cognition similar to the agent model proposed by Turner (2007) but static. The model also applies the theories of environmental psychology which are hard to describe by visual cognition alone and but can aid in explaining patterns of human space usage..
Agent based simulation for 'Choice of Seats': a Study on the Human Space Usage Pattern Conference Paper Jan 2019 J Chun Ava Fatah gen. Schieck Stamatios Psarras Petros Koutsolampros Agent simulation in the context of architecture is a great practical tool for analysing space and examining its influence from the perspective of users. On the other hand, the theories and concepts that deal with human cognition as it relates to environments are typically studied within the field of environmental psychology. Research on the intersection between the two fields has focused mainly on the analysis of the built environment but not necessarily the agents themselves. The present research applies the theories in environmental psychology as rules in an agent simulation model validated by comparing the results with actual mapped human behavioural patterns in space. It aims to develop a method and a tool for analysing space from the perspective of the users and thus allow for the design of built environments that take that perspective into account. We specifically used visibility graphs to map the visitors’ field of view on spatial configurations as a proxy for the concepts of “prospect and refuge” in environmental psychology. We then applied an agent model to the same spatial configurations that simulated the tendency to prefer sitting areas that are a certain distance from others and as well as other elements of human cognition such as the perception of crowdedness of a space and uncertainty. We validated the simulation model against onsite observations to examine how the hypothetical patterns it creates relate to the observed patterns in real-world settings in the context of the theories implemented from environmental psychology. No statistically significant correlations emerged between the theoretical patterns and observed behaviour pointing to the complexity of human usage patterns in space as well as the difficulties of measuring it.
Nevertheless, the proposed research provides a framework for investigating people’s possible staying patterns over spatial configurations and seat arrangements with different concordant rates according to crowdedness conditions and group type. Spatial metrics (e.g., distance, clearance, and visibility) were measured using AutoCAD 2016. Visual exposure and level of connectivity were measured using Depthmap, a stand-alone program performing visibility graph analysis (Turner, 2001 (Turner,, 2007. In addition to determining criteria and metrics, standards of measurement were determined to ensure interrater reliability and consistent analyses when used across multiple designs.. Through the Eyes of the User: Evaluating Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Design Article Mar 2018 HERD-HEALTH ENV RES Megan E. Denham Yousef Bushehri Lisa Lim Objective. This article presents a pilot study that employed a user-centered methodology for evaluating and quantifying neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) designs based on the needs of the primary users. Background. The design of NICUs has begun to shift from open-bay to single-family rooms. Both designs present unique advantages and challenges that impact babies, families, and caregivers. Methods. One NICU design was analyzed using the functional scenario (FS) analysis method. For the FS, users' needs were determined through literature review, interviews with NICU providers and parents, and a review of published design guidelines. Quantitative metrics were developed for each FS, so that characteristics of the NICU design could be analyzed to determine how successful they were in meeting the users' needs. The results were graphically represented to visualize the success and considerations of the design. Results. A total of 23 FSs and 61 spatial metrics were developed. FSs for babies focused on infection prevention, minimizing exposure to environmental stimuli, and supporting enriching care activities.
FSs for family members focused on direct access to the baby, and privacy and adequate space for daily activities. FSs for providers and caregivers focused on infection prevention, care activities, care zones, and visibility. Conclusion. Using an FS approach highlights design characteristics in the NICU that need to be addressed during the design process to more successfully meet the needs of the different users. Additionally, using this approach can inform design professionals' decision-making by presenting them with the design characteristics that impact the needs of the user groups. It provides a front-end for the depthmapX software within QGIS, offering user-friendly space syntax analysis workflows in a GIS environment. It is primarily aimed at supporting the space syntax methodology, and enhancing it with GIS data, analysis and visualisation features. Nevertheless, its functionality is of general benefit to QGIS users by introducing tools for exploratory spatial data analysis. In space syntax ABMs, agents utilize VGA to provide vision and guidance during all route decisions. The space syntax ABM also allows the user to define the parameters, the number of steps an agent can take, the starting point, and the urban form and visibility rules (Turner, 2000). Research on the influence of small-scale built form elements, such as street characteristics, on bicyclist wayfinding is limited.This research uses an agent-based model to investigate how small-scale urban design affects bicyclist wayfinding. Using geographic information systems and statistical analysis, different types of simulated bicycle agents were compared to observed bicycle volumes. Statistically significant positive relationships between bicycle agent types and observational data existed. The results support the need to design streetscapes that offer a high level of visibility and reduced stops to promote bicycling.
The study also describes a modeling approach that can be replicated by urban planners to understand bicyclist travel patterns. The point depth analysis divides a space in to grid cells and calculates how each cell relates to all other cells in the grid. Obstacles, such as columns or fences, increase the topological depth between various cells (Turner, 2007). Less point depth is desired for optimal orientability.. Improving the design of urban underground space in metro stations using the space syntax methodology Article Feb 2014 TUNN UNDERGR SP TECH Frank van der Hoeven Akkelies Van Nes View. Within this context, in this paper, firstly the existing software programs which are mostly not open source but available for the space syntax analysis are reviewed in order to illustrate the need for the development of new plugins operational on a series of FOSS4GIS. In order to compare the available space syntax software programs, a simple table (see Table I) is constructed to show the capacities of the respective programs according to some basic modalities and input-output formats involved in the calculation of space syntax parameters.. Developing space syntax tools for free and open source software for GIS Conference Paper Jun 2011 Burak Beyhan The aim of this paper is to reveal the potential of Free and Open Source Software for GIS (FOSS4GIS) in Space Syntax (SS) analysis. For this purpose, firstly the existing software exclusively developed for SS are reviewed in order to unveil both their modalities to produce the key measures of SS and illustrate the lack of their cooperation with GIS and Social Network Analysis (SNA) software. After discussing basic SS parameters, several FOSS4GIS are examined in order to divulge their potential for the extraction of adjusted graphs and calculation of basic SS parameters by presenting the core algorithm behind the plugins created employing the scripting facilities in the respective software programs.
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depression treatment manual pdf
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depression treatment manual pdf
In this article, we review the theoretical underpinnings of this approach, whereby biased cognition and maladaptive behavioral patterns are thought to be core factors contributing to the development and maintenance of depression. We describe cognitive and behavioral strategies and techniques used in the treatment of depression. We conclude with an updated review of outcome research comparing the effectiveness of CBT as a whole and its specific cognitive and behavioral components with a standard treatment of anti-depressant medication.In addi tion to the high personal cost, depression is among the most signi?cant causes of worldwide disab ility and societal burden (4). M ajor depression is characterized by ear ly onset, typically during the adolescent years, and i t tends to recur across the lifespan (5 ). D epression sever ity can vary from mi ld symptoms to severe, chronic and debilitating symptoms, a?ecting mos t life domains of the individual. Despite the high prevalence and severity of de- pression and its deleterious e?ects, treatments for depression have only been moderately successf ul (6). Furthermore, the m ajority o f individuals su?er- ing from depression do not receiv e ap propriate care (7). Neve rtheless, sever al psycho social interve n- tions have received good empirical support. Two treatments, cognit ive be havioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), were speci?cally identi?ed as well- established treatments (6) w ith CBT bei ng more wid ely employed and having a more substantial body of res earch to suppor t its use. In this article, we describe the use of CBT to treat depression. It is important to note that CBT for depr ession is not a single form o f treatmen t but rather a fami ly of interventions, all base d on the premise that biase d cognition and mal adaptive behavioral patterns con tribute to depres sion. CBT for depres sion was ?rst developed b y A. T.
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Modest: Support from one well-designed study or several adequately designed studies. Controversial: Conflicting results, or claims regarding mechanisms are unsupported. Recommendation) List your practice Core beliefs that render someone susceptible to depression are broadly categorized into beliefs about being unlovable, worthless, helpless, and incompetent. Cognitive theory also focuses on information processing deficits, selective attention, and memory biases toward the negative. There is a significant interaction between initial symptom severity and length of CT ( Shapiro et al., 1994 ). Clients with mild or moderate depression do well with either 8 or 16 sessions of CT. However, clients with severe depression demonstrate significantly better response rates with 16 sessions as compared to 8 sessions. It is recommended to allow for booster sessions after termination for enhanced relapse prevention 3, 6, and 12 months after termination ( Beck, 2011 ). A caveat to the 8-16 sessions finding is that since these results were obtained in efficacy trials, one can extend treatment in the community past 16 sessions depending on: 1) the severity and chronicity of the client’s depression, 2) comorbid disorders, and 3) other psychological, physiological, and psychosocial factors (all of which may complicate the client’s recovery from depression).They have not necessarily been evaluated empirically either by themselves or in conjunction with in-person treatment. We list them as a resource for clinicians who assign them as an adjunct to conducting in-person treatment.A meta-analysis (Cuijpers et al., 2013) A systematic investigation of cognitive therapy and interpersonal therapy (DeRubeis et al., 1982). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression has received ample empirical support and is considered one of the most effective modes of treatment for depression.
W e conclude with an updated review of outcome research comparing the e?ectiveness of CBT as a whole and its speci?c cognitive and b ehavioral components with a standard treatment of an ti-depressant medication.Similarly, Lewinsohn and coll eagues (10, 11 ) claimed that d epression can result from an increase in negative even ts and a decreas e in posit ive ones. Bas ed on thes e theo- retical a ssumptions, early b ehavioral tre atments of depression sought to increase the frequency of engagement in ac tivities gener ally thought to be pleasurable (e.g., going for a walk). Mode rn b e- havioral appr oaches to depression (12, 13) ha ve emphasized a f unctional analyti c approach that focuses on the role of adverse events in the o nset of depressive episodes. ?ese approaches suggest that depressive behavior functions, largel y, as avoidant coping in an envir onment that is cha racterized by few positive reinforcements and ma ny aversive ex- periences. Speci?cally, these models see withdrawal and passivity, hallmarks of depression, as beha viors that serve to provide temporary relief a t the cost of long-ter m disability. In addit ion to depr iving depressed people of p otential reinforcers in their environment, avoidant behavior may also lead to secondary problems. Overvie w of the T reatment ?e standard treatment lasts between 10 to 20 ses- sions. T reatment comm ences with a psycho-educa - tional com ponent in which the nature of depression and its maintaining factors (i.e., thought patterns and be havioral te ndencies) are outlined. F rom the outset, t herapists work to form a the rapeutic alliance with their clients, who are encourag ed to act as active par tners in the ther apeutic proce ss. ?erapists and clients collaboratively set goals for therapy a nd join tly agree on the agenda for sessions.
Beck in the 1960s, and it has since been expanded and studied exte nsively (8). Bec k’ s cognit ive model postul ated that people’ s interpretations of negative life events p lay a role in the experience of depression. He argued that depressed individuals hold negative bel iefs or schemas. ?ese schemas are thought to develop in e arly childhood and to involve themes of loss, inadequac y, interpersonal rejection and worthlessness. I n Beck’ s model, these beliefs constitute a cognitive vulnerabil ity ( dia- thesis ) to depression. ?e beliefs are activa ted by adverse life e vents ( stress ) to p roduce even t-speci?c negative ( automatic ) thoughts about the s elf, the world an d the fu ture (Beck ’ s cognitive triad ), which in turn lead to negative mood. Following t his model, c ognitive t herapy aims t o change cli ents’ thought pa tterns in order to facilita te mood c hange and impro ved coping with stress. A central exte nsion of Beck’ s cognitive the ory incorporated beha vioral models o f depressio n that examine the environmen tal context in which de- pression evolves. E arly behavioral theorists (e.g., 9) argued that in order to under stand depression Co gn iti ve -B ehav i ora l The rap y f or Dep res si on Nilly Mor, PhD, and Dafna Haran, BA Schoo l of Educatio n, Th e Hebrew University of Jeru salem, Jerus alem, Israel Abstr act: Ma jor Depres sive Disorder is one of the most commo n and debilitating mental disor ders. Cognitive behav- ioral therapy (CBT) for depression has received ample empirical su pport and is consider ed one of the most e?ective modes of treatment f or depr ession. In this article, we review the theoretical un derpinnings of this ap proach, where by biased cognition and maladap tive behavioral p atterns are though t to be core factors co ntributing to the development and main tenance of depression. W e describe cognitive and behavioral stra tegies and techniques used in the treatment of depression.
ne d in terms of behavioral rather than emotional outcomes. Subsequently, clients gradu- ally tackle each of their goals while paying speci?c attention to patterns of avoidance and repl acing them with active coping. As they ma ke progress toward their goals, clients take note of their success and reward themsel ves for their achievemen ts.In this process, a thought reco rd is o?en used. Clie nts complete thought records in w hich they rep ort the o ccurrence of perceived adve rse events and identify negative f eelings as well as au- tomatic thoughts elicited by these events. Second, therapists lead clients thro ugh a process of cogni- tive restructuring. As part of this process, clients are taught to ask thems elves questions regarding their automatic thoughts and beliefs: What is the evidence for or against m y belief. What are possible al ternative ways of thinking. What a re the implication s for my life if this thought is true. I s this thought hel pful? ?e thought record is typic ally us ed in this p hase to record rati onal cognitive responses a nd their e?ect on subsequen t emotion. Beck (14) an d others (e.g., 19) have argued that thou ghts repor ted by d epressed individua ls typically involve a number of cognitive distortions. For exampl e, depr essed individuals o?en over- genera lize the conseq uences of negative event s, focus on neg ative while ig noring positive aspects of situations, engage in a ll-or-none thinking, and predict th at negative events are likely to o ccur in the f uture. Cli ents le arn about thes e distor tions and are train ed to recog nize them in th eir ow n thinking. ?ey are taught to entertain alter native and more helpful modes of relating to themselves and the world. ?e Final Phase of T reatment ?e last phase of treatment is a relapse pr evention phase, which c onsists of two components. In the cognitive arena, clients w ork on altering cor e be- liefs that may trigger negative auto matic thoughts.
In addition, therapists assign betwee n-session “homework” that ass ists clients in implementing techniques learned in the therapy s essions and in practicing impor tant cognitive and behavioral skills outside the therapeutic context (7, 14, 15). ?e typical course of CBT for dep ression con - sists of three ph ases. ?e ?rst phas e of treatment focuses on symptom relief. ? e aim of this phase is to re-engage clients in their da ily activity and to promote resumed functioning. ?e middle phase of treatment a ddresses c ognitive change. In this phase clients learn to identify automatic thoughts, critica lly ev aluate t hese t houghts and exam ine alternative modes of thinking. ?e ?na l phas e focuses on maintenance of treatment e?ec ts and on relaps e preve ntion. In this phas e, clie nts are encouraged to challenge their underlying negativ e schemas by e ngaging in b ehavioral exp eriments that test the veracity o f the schemas as well as their adaptiveness (7, 14, 15). ?e Initial Phase of T reatment ?e ?rst phase em phasizes behavio ral change. ?is phase is o?en termed “behavi oral scheduling” or “behaviora l activation.” Initially, clients learn to monitor their daily activities an d experiences. O?entimes, de pressed indivi duals’ rout ines are characterized by patterns of inactiv ity and avoid- ant coping. I n order to identify these patterns, cli- ents are asked to keep a log o f daily activities that assists them in observing the link between their behavior and their mood. ?us, they gather infor- mation on act ivities that enhance thei r mood as opposed to those that impair it. Using the activity log, therapists and clien ts work together on setting behavioral goals in important lif e domains such as social relations, employment, education, lei sure, health, etc. Clients are encourag ed to set realistic short- and l ong-term goa ls, and to del ineate the steps neede d to achieve these goal s. Importantly, goals are de?
P sychosocial disability during the long-term course of unipolar major depr essive disorder. Global m ortality, disability, and the contributio n of risk factors: Global burden of disease study. C ourse and outcome of d epres- sion. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL, edito rs. Handbook of depression. T reatment and prevention of depr ession. Cog nitive therapy for depres sion. In: Barlow DD, editor. Clinical handbook of p sychological dis orders: A ste p-by-step treatment manual. A brief behavioral activation treatment for dep ression. New Y ork: Guilford, 1979. 15. Persons JB, Davidson J, Tom pkins MA. Essentia l com - ponents of cogn itive-behavior the rapy for depression. American Psychological Association; 2001.A com- ponent analysis of cognitive-be havioral treatment for depression. Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Random- ized trial of behavioral activatio n, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the prevention of relapse and recurrence in major depression. A meta-analysis of cognitiv e therapy in depressed patien ts. Cognitive therap y and phar - macotherapy for depr ession. Singly and in comb ination. Depressed outpatients treated w ith cognitive t herapy or pharma- cotherapy: a one-ye ar follow-up. Cogni- tive therapy and pharmacothe rapy for depression: sus - tained impro vement o ver one year. Di?erential rela pse follow - ing cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depres- sion. Initial severity and di?erential tre atment outcome in t he Na tional Ins titute o f Mental Health T reat - ment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Medic ation versus cogni tive b ehavi or ther apy for severe ly depr essed outpatie nts: Meg a-analy sis of four randomized comparisons.Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a widely used treatment for depression.
However, limited resource availability poses several barriers to patients seeking access to care, including lengthy wait times and geographical limitations. This has prompted health care services to introduce electronically delivered CBT (eCBT) to facilitate access. Although previous reviews have compared the effects of eCBT to face-to-face CBT, there is an overall lack of adequately powered and up-to-date evidence in the literature to provide a reliable comparison between the two modes of administration. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of eCBT compared to face-to-face CBT through a systematic review of the literature. Methods. To be eligible for this review, studies needed to be randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical effectiveness of any form of eCBT compared to face-to-face CBT. These encompassed studies evaluating a wide range of outcomes including severity of symptoms, adverse outcomes, clinically relevant outcomes, global functionality, participant satisfaction, quality of life, and affordability. There were no restrictions on participant age or sex. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych Info, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL databases from inception to February 20th, 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. All stages of literature screening and data extraction were completed independently in duplicate. Data extraction and risk of bias analyses, including GRADE ratings, were conducted on studies meeting inclusion criteria. Qualitative measures are reported in a narrative summary. We pooled quantitative data in meta-analyses to provide an estimated summary effect. This review adheres to PRISMA reporting guidelines. Findings. In total, we included 17 studies in our analyses. There were no significant differences between the two interventions on participant satisfaction (SMD 0.13 95%; CI ?0.32, 0.59; GRADE: low quality of evidence). One RCT reported eCBT to be less costly than face-to-face CBT (GRADE: low quality of evidence).
T o achieve th is goal, t hey conduct behavioral ex- periments. ?es e are planned experient ial activ i- ties designed to obtain new information to a id in testing the validity of clients ’ b eliefs and replacing them with more adaptive ones. In t he behavioral arena, clients perform a behavioral ana lysis o f dysfunctional coping mechanisms and alternative problem solving strategies. Finally, the y set future goals, anticipate o bstacles and consi der ways to overcome these obstacles. An e xtensive lin e of re - search conducte d in the 1 970s, 1980s and in the early 1990s indicated tha t CBT fares at least as we ll as ADM in the acute phase of tr eatment (20, 21). A combined tr eatment involving both ADM and CBT was not superior to either of the mo no-therapies (22, 23). Unfortunately, the percentage of patients responding t o either CBT o r ADM is modera te and does not exceed 60% (6). However, among the severely depressed, CBT was inferior to bo th ADM and IPT (which did not di ?er from e ach other), and was not more e?cacious than was the p lacebo. As De - Rubeis and colleagues ’ mega-analysis reveals (29), the TDCRP was the only study to ?nd that CBT was inferior to ADM in trea ting severe depression. ?e ap parent discrepancy between the TD CRP and other randomized trials of CBT and ADM was a t - tributed to factors s uch as therapists ’ expertise and adherence to the CBT prot ocol, which indeed, dif - fered across research si tes in the TDCRP (6, 30).Im - portantly, relapse rat es among patients wi thdrawn from CBT (30.8%) were signi?cantly lo wer than those among patients withdrawn from me dica- tions (76.2%) (32). ?us, CBT and AD M produce comparable improvements in the acute ph ase of treatment, but CB T produces lasting e?ects beyond treatment termination, whereas ADM ’ s e?ec ts are more modest. Having established the e?cacy of CBT, re - searchers have attempted to examine di?
erences between cognitive and behavioral components of the treatment and to iden tify active therapeutic in- gredients. Early on, J acobson and colleagues have demonstrated t hat the behavi oral component of CBT was as e?ec tive as the cog nitive component (16). As in the TDCRP, di?erential treatment e?ects were evidenced only among the more severely depr essed. In this group, behaviorally-focuse d procedures and ADM were comparable, and both were superior to cognitively- focuse d procedures. However, in the one-year follow-up phase of t his trial (18), patients who were in either of the CBT treatments w ere less likely to relapse than were patients treated with ADM and subsequently w ithdrawn onto pill pl acebo. ?us, taken together, these results s uggest that the beha v- ioral com ponent o f CBT is as e?ective as ADM and that it is more be ne?cial th an the cognit ive com- ponent in the acute phase of t reatment. However, CBT as a whole is more e?ective than AD M as a relapse p revention intervention. Overall, the extan t research suppor ts the us e of CBT as an e?ective treatment for dep ression. Conclusions CBT is a fam ily of empirica lly-base d treatments aimed at changing dysfu nctional thinking and behavior, in which clients learn to identify faul ty beliefs and challenge them, and to replace a void- ant coping with active problem solv ing. CBT has been found to be equivalent to ADM in the acute phase of treatment, but to ha ve mor e lasting e?ects and to be superior to ADM in relapse prevention. Although it was initially sugg ested that CBT is less e?ective than ADM in treating severely depressed patients, recent evidence has sho wn otherwise. Refer ences 1. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, H ughes M, Eshleman S, Wittch en HU, Kendler KS. Lifetime an d 12-month pr evalence of DS M-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comor - bidity Study.
Results did not differ when stratified by subgroups such as participant age and study location. Interpretation. Although we found eCBT to have moderate evidence of effectiveness in reducing symptoms of depression, high heterogeneity among studies precludes definitive conclusions for all outcomes. With the current reliance and accessibility of technology to increasing number of people worldwide, serious consideration in utilizing technology should be given to maximize accessibility for depression treatments. Our results found eCBT is at least as effective as face to face CBT, thus eCBT should be offered if preferred by patients and therapists. Funding. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. View Show abstract. The similar rates of treatment success for the SA group (versus No SA) may be due to these participants being predominantly female. Of the 278 DAISI participants, 220 consented to screening for past assault (either by a stranger or non-stranger) at baseline. Depression, alcohol, and global functioning assessments were administered at baseline and 3, 12, 24, and 36 months post baseline. A between-group analysis was used to assess differences between SA and No SA, and PA and No PA groupings, on adjusted mean treatment outcomes across all assessment periods. SA and PA participants had similar mean symptom reductions compared to No SA and No PA participants except for lower depression and global functioning change scores at the 12-month follow-up. People with coexisting depression and alcohol misuse reporting SA or PA can respond well to CBT for depression and alcohol misuse. However, follow-up is recommended in order to monitor fluctuations in outcomes. Assault type and PTSS were retrospectively assessed by the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. The Measure of Parenting Style is a self-report measure that retrospectively assessed emotional neglect experienced as a child.
An exploratory factor analysis using the tetrachoric correlation matrix (applying principal factor extraction with a varimax rotation) identified the two assault factors of sexual assault (SA) and physical assault (PA). A path analysis revealed that Maternal Emotional Neglect increased the impact of PTSS and depression. CBT for depression was first developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s, and since then it has been expanded and studied extensively. Purpose: This paper provides a brief overview of depression and summarizes evidence supporting the effectiveness of CBT for depression management. Findings: At present, treatments for depression incorporate antidepressant medications, psychotherapies such as CBT, electroconvulsive therapy, support groups, and counseling in outpatient clinic. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence that CBT is effective on treating depression in diverse patient groups. Furthermore, CBT's effects on the symptoms of depression are similar to the effects of medication in the short-term. More research needs to be done to establish whether CBT is superior to other available, but less researched, forms of psychotherapy. Implications For Nursing Practice: Psychiatric nurses have an important role in providing CBT as a means of satisfying patient expectations and quality improvement. Offering proper CBT training programmes for the psychiatric nurses is imperative. Moreover, nursing education programmes should make steps towards integration of CBT into nursing curriculum. Se verifico una diferencia significativa (p View Show abstract. Data of literature indicate that cognitive impairment may serve as a predictor of depression recurrence and poor prognosis of antidepressant therapy. In this view, we consider the importance of assessment of cognitive impairment and differential use of medications with precognitive effect (bupropion, vorteoxetine and some SSRI antidepressants as well as fluvoxamine, which is a potent agonist of the sigma-1-receptor).
Also, some patients who may have benefited from antidepressant medications may experience adverse effects that lead to treatment discontinuation. At the same time, available evidence indicates that even the most rigorously evaluated psychotherapy protocols, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, are effective in only about 60% of patients with depression ( Mor 2009 ). Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) -also called 'cranial electrostimulation', 'electrosleep therapy', and 'electronarcosis' -is a non-pharmacological treatment in which low-intensity electrical stimulation is applied to the scalp.. Alternating current cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) for depression Article Jul 2014 Cochrane Database Syst Rev Harish Kavirajan Kristin Lueck Kenneth Chuang Background. Depression is a mood disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1% to 3% worldwide, representing the fourth leading cause of disease burden globally. The current standard treatments of psychological therapy and antidepressant medications are not effective for everyone, and psychotropic drugs may be associated with significant adverse effects. Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) treatment, in which a low intensity electrical current is administered through the use of a small, portable electrical device, has been reported to have efficacy in the treatment of depression with minimal adverse effects. This systematic review investigated the scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of CES in treatment of acute depression compared to sham, or simulated, CES treatment. Objectives. To assess the effectiveness and safety of alternating current cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) compared with sham CES for acute depression. Search methods.
We searched The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis review group's specialized register (CCDANCTR-Studies and CCDANCTR-References) to February 24, 2014 This register contains relevant randomized controlled trials from: The Cochrane Library (all years), MEDLINE (1950 to date), EMBASE (1974 to date), and PsycINFO (1967 to date). We examined reference lists of review papers and books on CES. We contacted authors, other experts in the field and CES manufacturing companies for knowledge of suitable published or unpublished trials. Selection criteria. Randomized controlled trials of CES versus sham CES for the acute treatment of depressive disorder in adults aged 18 to 75 years. Data collection and analysis. We planned to extract data from the original reports of included studies independently by two authors. The main outcomes to be assessed were:(1) the efficacy of CES in reducing symptoms of depression as reflected in change scores on standardized depression rating scales.(2) the tolerability of CES treatment to participants, as reflected in rates of discontinuation due to adverse effects.We planned to analyze data using Review Manager 5. Main results. No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Authors' conclusions. There are insufficient methodologically rigorous studies of CES in treatment of acute depression. There is a need for double-blind randomized controlled trials of CES in the treatment of acute depression. In addition, in line with the findings of preceding studies (57, 58), results of our study showed that the cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in decreasing the severity of depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapies improve depression through changing and modifying dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive biases..
Effectiveness of Meta-Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Article Full-text available Mar 2013 Ahmad Ashouri Mohammad Kazem Atef Vahid Banafsheh Gharaee Maryam Rasoulian Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy (MCT) and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in treating Iranian patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Thirty three outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for MDD without any other axis I and II disorders were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions, i.e. MCT, CBT and pharmacotherapy. The Beck Depression Inventory-II-Second Edition (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were administered for pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Based on repeated measures ANOVA, all the participants demonstrated improvement in depression, anxiety, dysfunctional attitude and ruminative response. Based on percentage results, all the patients in MCT and CBT groups showed significant improvement at post-treatment phase. Conclusions: MCT and CBT were more effective than pharmacotherapy alone In treatment of MDD. Declaration of interest: None. View Show abstract Physical fitness exercise vs.Since limited resources are available to decrease the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among the elderly adults, improved support for them can be provided if we can determine which intervention is superior in ridding depressive symptoms. To compare the effectiveness of the physical fitness exercise program and the cognitive behavior therapy program on primary (depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (6-min walk distance, quality of life, and social support) for community-dwelling elderly adults with depressive symptoms.
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depression cbt manual
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depression cbt manual
This pilot study sought to (i) adapt an existing CBT manual (treatment of adolescent depression; TADS) to an inpatient setting (TADS-in), (ii) test its effectiveness at symptom reduction and remission of MDD in a pre-post design, and (iii) assess the strengths and limitations of the manual via a focus-group with clinicians. Embedded in the regular inpatient treatment course (8?weeks), patients received 12 sessions of the TADS-in manual. Quantitative assessment of symptom reduction and remission of MDD was conducted using a non-controlled pre-post design. The quantitative results were supplemented by a focus group with participating psychotherapists. According to diagnostic interviews with patients conducted at the end of treatment, 73.3% were in remission. The qualitative analysis showed that on the whole, the TADS-in manual is suitable for the inpatient setting. However, clinicians believed the effectiveness of TADS-in was limited by patient comorbidity and the fact that the inpatients were unable to practice incorporating techniques learnt into everyday life. Conclusions This study is the first to adapt the TADS manual to the inpatient setting. The sample of depressed adolescents showed reduced symptomology following treatment, although these findings require replicating in a randomized controlled trial before effects can be attributed to the TADS-in manual specifically. This pilot study informs further development of the manual as well as representing an important first step in the evaluation of the inpatient treatment of adolescent depression. The study was retrospectively registered (DRKS00017308) and received no external funding. These guidelines also recommend the combination of psychotherapy with antidepressant medication in severe cases or when patients present with suicidal tendency. CBT is recommended as therapy of first choice with the highest level of evidence (Level 1 Footnote 1 ).
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Modest: Support from one well-designed study or several adequately designed studies. Controversial: Conflicting results, or claims regarding mechanisms are unsupported. Recommendation) List your practice Core beliefs that render someone susceptible to depression are broadly categorized into beliefs about being unlovable, worthless, helpless, and incompetent. Cognitive theory also focuses on information processing deficits, selective attention, and memory biases toward the negative. There is a significant interaction between initial symptom severity and length of CT ( Shapiro et al., 1994 ). Clients with mild or moderate depression do well with either 8 or 16 sessions of CT. However, clients with severe depression demonstrate significantly better response rates with 16 sessions as compared to 8 sessions. It is recommended to allow for booster sessions after termination for enhanced relapse prevention 3, 6, and 12 months after termination ( Beck, 2011 ). A caveat to the 8-16 sessions finding is that since these results were obtained in efficacy trials, one can extend treatment in the community past 16 sessions depending on: 1) the severity and chronicity of the client’s depression, 2) comorbid disorders, and 3) other psychological, physiological, and psychosocial factors (all of which may complicate the client’s recovery from depression).They have not necessarily been evaluated empirically either by themselves or in conjunction with in-person treatment. We list them as a resource for clinicians who assign them as an adjunct to conducting in-person treatment.A meta-analysis (Cuijpers et al., 2013) A systematic investigation of cognitive therapy and interpersonal therapy (DeRubeis et al., 1982).
Firstly, whereas a key assumption of CBT treatment in the outpatient setting is that patients complete homework exercises in which they integrate new coping strategies into their everyday life, this may be made more difficult in the inpatient setting, where they are removed from their everyday life and have less control about how their day is structured. On the other hand, the highly structured inpatient environment may be associated with increased behavioural activation and the availability of psychotherapists. A further difference relates to the nature of cases treated in an inpatient setting. This may impact the effectiveness of manuals developed for the outpatient setting and adaptations to existing manuals may be necessary to address specific symptoms, e.g., suicidality. In view of the different characteristics of the patients (severity of depression, comorbidity, suicidality) and the differences between the outpatient and inpatient settings, the question arises as to whether a CBT-manual, which has demonstrated its efficacy for the outpatient setting, can be transferred to the inpatient setting. The current study The goal of this mixed-methods pilot study was to form a basis for a large-scale RCT of the effectiveness of CBT in the individual inpatient treatment of adolescent depression. The first specific aim was to adapt an existing CBT treatment manual (TADS) for the inpatient setting (TADS-in). The TADS manual was chosen since it integrates all the core elements of evidence-based CBT manuals and it has been successfully evaluated in the outpatient treatment of youth depression. The second aim was to conduct a pre-post (non-controlled) pilot study to test the hypothesis that the TADS-in manual is associated with (I) a reduction and (II) remission in depressive symptoms in youth with a diagnosis of depression.
CBT is based on the assumption that thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are interconnected and influence each other. The underlying assumption of CBT is that identifying and changing one’s dysfunctional thoughts (cognitions) and behaviors will have a positive impact on emotions. Common techniques in CBT for adolescence include psychoeducation, mood monitoring, journaling, goal definition, increasing pleasurable activities (behavioural activation), identification and modification of cognitive distortions (cognitive restructuring), Socratic questioning, social communication, and personal relation skills as well as improving assertiveness and problem-solving skills to reduce feelings of hopelessness. The TADS randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of the TADS manual, fluoxetine, and their combination in over 320 adolescents being treated for a MDE in an outpatient setting. The generalizability of the findings from such studies to the inpatient setting is therefore limited. Although treatment of MDE is often performed in an outpatient setting, inpatient treatment has become increasingly common in recent years. In Germany, according to guidelines, inpatient treatment is indicated if either the severity of the symptoms leads to a significant functional impairment or there is a lack of resources and a high burden of stress factors. Suicidality in patients who are unable to promise the clinician they will not harm themselves or inadequate psychosocial support is also a reason for inpatient treatment. The number of inpatient treatment cases with MDE in the under-15s age group in Germany has increased tenfold in the last two decades (2015 compared to 2000). There are multiple differences between the inpatient and outpatient setting which mean that developing and evaluating treatment manuals tailored to the inpatient setting are necessary.
In adapting the original TADS manual for the inpatient setting (TADS-in), the number of sessions was reduced from 15 to 10 and excluded the five optional sessions for feasibility reasons. Within the ten sessions, there were six single sessions with the patient covering the following topics: psychoeducation about depression and its causes, goal-setting, mood monitoring, increasing pleasant activities, social problem-solving, and cognitive restructuring. Additionally, there were two parent-only sessions which provided psychoeducation about depression, and two conjoint parent- and adolescent-sessions, focused on addressing parent and adolescent concerns. The sessions were scheduled for 8 (rather than 12) weeks. Treatment as usual at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Munich, includes two single psychotherapy sessions per week. For participants in the study, the TADS-in manual was delivered in one of them while the second session was used for the patients to discuss other concerns, e.g., conflicts with friends or family, school and problems. All therapists were offered specialist supervision by a consultant psychiatrist and psychotherapist concerning questions and uncertainties relating to delivering TADS-in. Quantitative outcome measures An overview of the assessment instruments used in the study is provided in Table 2.Items assess symptoms corresponding to criteria for diagnosing depressive disorders listed in the DSM-IV. Response options include four increasing levels of severity. The FBB-DES consists of 42 items in total. The first 29 items describe symptoms of depression which are rated on a four-point scale from 0 (not at all true of the patient) to 3 (very true of the patient). An average score across these 29 items is generated and provides a measure of symptom severity. In this study, the FBB-DES was completed by healthcare assistants working on the ward where treatment took place.
The quantitative evaluation also served to explore the suitability of various outcome measures in assessing the effectiveness of the manual in a further RCT. The third aim was to explore therapists’ views on the strengths and difficulties of using the manual in an inpatient setting. This was achieved by conducting a focus group with therapists who had used the manual. Methods The study was retrospectively registered (DRKS00017308), and the protocol published. Design and participants In a mixed-methods design, we combined a non-randomized (pre-post) study of the TADS-in treatment manual with a qualitative evaluation of therapists’ experiences in using the manual. Participants were adolescent inpatients in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Munich. Inclusion criterion was age of 12 to 17?years (inclusive), ICD-10 diagnosis of MDD (F32 or F33), and normal cognitive functioning (IQ of 85 or higher). Patients with autism spectrum disorder, bipolar or psychotic disorders, personality disorder, or insufficient knowledge of the German language were excluded. The Kinder-DIPS is a well-established German diagnostic interview which can be completed with the patient themselves or their parent. Because we were unsure how much dropout and missing data to expect and because we wanted to have a sufficient number of patients to have a reasonable level of confidence about the generalizability of the findings, we aimed to recruit patients until we had included 30. Of the 51 patients invited, 29 (56.9%) participated. A focus group with six therapists who had delivered the intervention and a study nurse involved in recruitment of patients was conducted in Summer 2017 (see “Focus Group”). Table 1 summarizes the demographic characteristics and baseline diagnoses of the 29 participants included in the study.
One patient was unchanged (continued to meet criteria for a severe episode) and another had worsened from a moderate episode to a severe depressive episode. Furthermore, as a result of the presence of healthcare assistants in the inpatient setting, behavioural activation and implementing positive activities may have been easier to implement than in the outpatient setting. One therapist also pointed out that therapists typically had more time for preparation of TADS-in sessions than they might have done in an outpatient setting. Factors of the inpatient setting obstructive to TADS-in The focus group identified several features of TADS-in as being difficult to implement in an inpatient setting. One therapist said: I found that very difficult in this setting, if they want to cycle or go swimming more often, more horse riding, something like that. That just wasn’t possible. Or just meeting friends twice a week or something, that wasn’t possible, either. Finally, the inpatient setting meant that patients shared the contents and topics of TADS-in sessions with each other, which sometimes had the negative effect that there was confusion about what topics to expect each week when some patients had started the intervention earlier than others. Benefits of TADS-in for parents Compared to usual inpatient treatment, therapists felt that TADS-in improved parents’ interactions with their children. One therapist also pointed out that TADS encouraged parents to attend appointments together even if they were separated, which was often a problem with the usual inpatient treatment. Helpful and unhelpful aspects of the TADS manual in general Therapists also commented on aspects of the TADS manual more generally (i.e., not specific to the inpatient adaptation). Therapists only made one specific suggestion for changes to the manual: two would have preferred a different term for homework assignments since “homework” had a negative connotation for patients.
Discussion Summary of findings The overarching goal of this pilot study was to adapt an individual outpatient CBT manual for the individual inpatient treatment of depression in adolescents. Quantitative analysis showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms according to self- and clinician ratings. External ratings provided by healthcare assistants also showed a reduction in symptom severity, albeit it of a smaller effect size. A diagnostic interview (Kinder-DIPS) at the end of the treatment showed that 73.3% of the patients no longer met diagnostic criteria for an episode of depression. Findings from the focus group suggested that the TADS-in manual had numerous strengths and limitations. On the one hand, key contents of the TADS manual were enhanced by the inpatient setting, e.g., behavioural activation and implementing more positive activities. On the other hand, the inpatient setting made it difficult for patients (and their parents) to transfer therapy contents into everyday life. We first discuss the findings from the quantitative data analysis and their implications for future studies, before considering the outcome of the focus group and potential modifications which could be made to improve the TADS-in manual. Interpretation of quantitative findings In order to appropriately interpret the findings of the pre-post assessment, it is important to first assess treatment fidelity (whether the intervention was really delivered as intended). Data on treatment fidelity was available for 24 of the 29 participants included in the study and included five patients who dropped out of the study prior to completing the intervention. Together, this suggests relatively high treatment fidelity. Homework, however, was completed in less than half the cases (45.8%) despite the inpatient setting, which through the presence of staff members we had expected to be more conducive to homework than the outpatient setting.
The test-retest reliability of the FBB-DES was calculated using data from baseline and after the intervention. BDI-II and FBB-DES were assessed at baseline, once a week and immediately after completion of the treatment. Calculating the correlation between FFB-DES and BDI-II, we used the data at baseline. It comprises of two one-item measures (each rated on a 7-point scale) evaluating the following: (a) CGI-S: severity of psychopathology at baseline compared to other patients and (b) CGI-I: change from the beginning to end of treatment. We only used the CGI-I since we were primarily interested in symptom change. Depression remission Our tertiary outcome was remission of depression post-intervention. Remission was defined as the patient no longer meeting ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for an MDE. Treatment fidelity Treatment fidelity was assessed based on standardized checklists that therapists filled out at the end of each session (See Additional File 1 for an example; all checklists available upon request). Qualitative outcomes The quantitative results were supplemented by a qualitative analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the manual. For this purpose, the experiences of the psychotherapists who had delivered TADS-in were shared in a focus group. The meeting was audio recorded and transcribed verbatim into word. Data analysis Data were analyzed for those who remained in the study at the final assessment point (week 8). Statistical analyses on pre-post change in BDI-II scores and FBB-DES scores were conducted using a Wilcoxon related-samples signed-rank test (SPSS). Weekly assessments of the BDI-II and FBB-DES were initially planned but only completely available for one patient, meaning a more detailed analysis of change in depressive symptoms over time was not possible. Clinician-rated improvement in symptoms (CGI) and diagnostic information on the remission of depression (Kinder-DIPS, based on the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10) are reported descriptively.
To evaluate the correlation between self- and external symptoms of depressive symptoms at baseline, a Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. The transcript was read and re-read, and major themes recorded. A coding frame was developed to facilitate coding, and final identification of themes was based on consensus discussion between members of the research team. Key themes were described and illustrated with quotes and then related to each other and back to the research question. Answers are reported below grouped around those themes, with all quotes translated into English from their German original. Since analysis relied solely on an audio (rather than video) file, general nods of agreement could not be included and so the number of people endorsing each issue may be an underestimate. Results Figure 2 provides an overview of the patient flow from entrance into the study to completion of the manual. Other patients left the study because their treatment focus had changed because of a comorbid disorder. Figure 3 illustrates BDI changes for each individual (box plot indicates median).Baseline and post-intervention FBB-DES data were available from 18 of the 19 patients who completed the intervention. At the end of the TADS treatment, 15.8% of the patients were “very much improved,” 68.4% “much improved,” and 15.8% were “minimally improved.” None of the patients had worsened or remained stable. Remission of depression Diagnostic data (Kinder-DIPS) upon completion of the intervention were available for 15 of the 19 participants who completed the intervention. At the end of the study, 11 of the 15 patients (73.3%) were remitted and no longer met the ICD-10 criteria for depression. Two patients who were moderately or severely depressed at the beginning of the study only met criteria for mild depression at the end of the study.
The session most frequently omitted was the one with the parents (session 6) which raises questions about the compliance of the parents. This could be due to the fact that hospitalization initially relieves the burden on the family system and primarily attributes the need for change to the patient. This may reflect the fact that for each patient, different healthcare assistants completed the assessments at baseline and post-treatment. They identify the following elements: (1) basic psychoeducation, (2) pleasant activity scheduling and other behavioral activation techniques designed to directly raise mood, (3) cognitive restructuring strategies, (4) problem-solving skills training, and (5) other techniques (e.g., relaxation training, family therapy maneuver). Comparing three manuals (“coping with depression for adolescents,” “Pittsburgh cognitive therapy,” and TADS), the TADS manual is described by Weersing et al.A question that is raised from Weersing et al. The experiences of clinicians delivering the intervention were collected in a focus group. Clinicians raised concerns about the transfer of learned strategies into the family environment being challenging when the therapy took place in an inpatient environment. Future adaptations of the manual might include the clinician devoting time to specifically address this problem. A related suggestion was to rename the “homework” to “exercises” to improve patient adherence, since the majority of patients had not regularly completed homework. Feedback from the focus group also indicated that the TADS-in treatment schedule was often too tight to address the complex issues that patients had. One solution might be to cut or shorten the introductory contents which patients may already be familiar with to leave room for more complex contents of TADS-in. An alternative solution would be to deliver two TADS-in sessions per week and more explicitly try to incorporate some of their additional issues (e.g.
, discharge planning and school change) into the TADS-in techniques learnt. Some contents of the manual were rated by the therapists as particularly helpful (e.g., material from the session on cognitive restructuring). Clinicians also felt that parents and their relationship to their children benefitted more from the manual than they would do with treatment as usual. Although the session with the parents was the one most often missed, when parents did attend the manual provided them with a good framework for understanding the techniques, patients were intending to apply following discharge. Future studies Before conducting a randomized controlled trial of a novel treatment manual, it is important to check the feasibility in a pilot study. By piloting the manual in an inpatient setting, we were able to make numerous discoveries which could improve the planning and conducting of future controlled trials of the manual. We had some problems regarding the return of questionnaires due to the high clinical workload of the therapists delivering the intervention. For example, an interesting question would be which effect each session had on the outcome measures. Unfortunately, the weekly assessment was rarely completed and these data cannot therefore be evaluated. In future trials, more resources would need to be allocated for study organization and monitoring. Due to limited resources, it was not possible to videotape the sessions to determine treatment fidelity. Instead, clinicians reported themselves how much of the manual they had been able to administer. These self-reports are of course open to bias and should be avoided in future studies. Also, sufficient resources need to be invested in dealing with informed consent and inclusion criteria assessment if sufficient time is to be available for delivering the treatment before a patient is discharged. Furthermore, future studies should carefully consider their outcome measures.
In future studies, we would recommend ensuring that external reports of symptomology are provided by the same member of the multi-disciplinary team. Our qualitative analysis suggested that parent-child interactions were improved through the manual so future studies may seek to include this as an outcome measure. Although interviews with clinicians using the manual identified numerous aspects which were not obtained in the quantitative evaluation, we did not have the resources to conduct interviews with the patients themselves. This could be a useful approach in future evaluations of the manual. Future trials should also consider issues of implementation such as scaling of the intervention and care packages that should come after the intervention. Of course, given international differences in healthcare systems, these might vary between countries. Finally, future large-scale studies might consider exploring the potentially moderating role of various factors. Whether this really is the case, it can only be investigated by standardizing assessment of these factors and administering measures prior to delivering the intervention. Due to the heavy and diverse workload of clinicians working in the inpatient setting, a lot of personnel resources are needed to ensure prompt consent, the return of questionnaires, and for study documentation. In addition, the temporary length of stay, which sometimes does not match the number of sessions in the manual, was a problem in this pilot study. As a result, many patients could not be included in the analysis due to early discharge. Since the test-retest reliability of the FBB-DES was low, improved training may be needed in future trials using external reports. However, the self-assessment by the BDI proved to be useful as a pre-post measurement. Ideally, a trial in this area should be a blinded (in terms of external assessment) and randomized. It would be good to have a comparison group with treatment as usual.
For future studies, it would also make sense to include and evaluate data on the pretreatment and duration of the depressive episode before the start of treatment. Strengths and limitations of the study There are some limitations to the current study which are worth acknowledging. The first relates to the sample size and generalizability of the study findings. Of the 29 patients enrolled in the study, only 19 remained at the end of the 8-week treatment. Although the modest sample size did not prevent us from observing a significant improvement in symptoms following the intervention, the relatively high dropout rate limits the generalizability of the findings. Nevertheless, it is hard to say whether our effects are likely to be over- or underestimates of the true effect. Dropout from the study was largely due to the fact that patients were discharged before all ten sessions could be completed. This was mainly caused by the length of time it often took to obtain informed consent from the patient and their parent(s) and conduct assessments to determine eligibility for the study. While this contributed to the smaller sample size, it is unlikely to cause a bias in the size of the effect found. Other patients were discharged from the clinic before completing the study because their symptoms had reduced to such an extent that they no longer required inpatient treatment. In this case, our effect sizes may be an underestimate of the true effect of the manual. However, other patients may have failed to complete the treatment because they or their therapist did not observe any improvements. In this case, effect sizes could be overestimates. A related limitation is that therapists were responsible for recruiting patients into the study themselves. As such, it is possible that they selected patients who they believed could benefit from the manual which also compromises generalizability.
Future studies will be able to address this limitation through the recruitment of a larger sample size and by investing in resources to ensure patients receive the intervention as soon after admission as possible. A second limitation is the lack of a control group, which is a necessary next step if the positive treatment effects are to be attributed to the TADS-in manual specifically. While a control group would have improved the robustness of our findings, the primary aim of the study was to pilot the novel intervention without incurring the increased costs which would have been associated with collecting data from twice as many patients. Relatedly, a follow-up data collection point would have been desirable to determine the longevity of the effects found. This would be an important aspect of study design in any future controlled studies of the manual. Another limitation is that in our study, we did not collect data on minimally important differences (MID). In future larger studies, however, this would be recommended in order to have an indication of the effectiveness of the treatment from the view of the patient. Finally, not all therapists were equally trained in the use of CBT and therefore had different expertise, which could have affected our findings. Some therapists in the focus group with a psychodynamic background said that working with the manual felt strange but that they did not think it had impacted treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, it is possible that the effects found would have been even greater if all therapists had been trained in using CBT. Information about treatment fidelity suggests not only that participants completed a relatively high proportion of sessions, but also that the therapists delivered the content for the sessions with a high level of fidelity. Despite these limitations, the study also carries various strengths.
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deprag screwdriver manual
Disconnect equipment from air supply, prior to repair of pneumatic or hydraulic equipment. Provide regular preventive maintenance on hoses and airlines.The Regulator needs to be adjusted to an airflow between 5.0 (71 PSI) and 6.3 bar (90 PSI). The required torque adjustment can be checked, using a DEPRAG Torque Wrench or Dynamometer (see DEPRAG catalogs D 3020 and D 3022). This equipment can also be used to re-adjust the torque of the Screwdriver. Range and Exchange of Clutch Spring The torque range of the DEPRAG Screwdriver is adjustable. Please see a listing for the torque ranges of the color-coded springs below.Insert clutch into the clutch bearing and tighten clutch bearing complete with spring sleeve to the DEPRAG-Screwdriver (left-hand thread). Attention: The claw of the clutch must engage with the claw of the spindle (in clutch bearing ). Make sure to screw adjustment (adjusting) nut onto clutch bearing until one line of the thread is visible. Grip the Screwdriver as illustrated on the picture “Connection of a DEPRAG MINIMAT- Screwdriver”. As soon as you put the bit onto the screw and slightly push the screwdriver down, it will start running. After reaching the preset torque, the automatic clutch will disengage and turn off the Screwdriver. Principally, use only DEPRAG original spare parts. Otherwise, a reduction in equipment power-output and an increased maintenance-requirement occurs. If NON-DEPRAG parts are installed, DEPRAG is justified to void any existing warranty and liability obligations. Attention:. Minimum vanes width should be 8 mm. Assembly: Use the DEPRAG Grease 807293 (100-g tube) to grease the ball bearing, needle bearing and gearing parts prior to reassembly. For assembly proceed logically in reverse order with reference to disassem-. Wear Parts UANTITY Silencer. When verifying the actual size of the valve pin, make sure N O T to hold the screwdriver directed towards yourself or any other person.
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We are using cookies on this web page. Some of them are required to run this page, some are useful to provide you the best web experience. I accept Individual Cookie Settings Only accept required cookies. Privacy Notes Imprint CLOSE Privacy settings Here is an overview of all cookies use Required Cookies These cookies are needed to let the basic page functionallity work correctly. Show Cookie Informationen Hide Cookie Information Cookies for Statistics Statistic cookies anonymize your data and use it. These information will help us to learn, how the users are using our website. Show Cookie Informationen Hide Cookie Information Matomo Diese Cookies sind fur das Analyse Tool Matomo erforderlich. They use them to track users outside of their own web page. Show Cookie Informationen Hide Cookie Information Wacon Diese Cookies sind fur das Cookie Management erforderlich Cookiename: waconcookiemanagement Runtime: 1 Jahr Save Back Only accept required cookies. Privacy Notes Imprint. Please contact us, if you require CAD-data, drawings, technical specifications or operating instruction booklets for a particular tool. We will send this information to you right away. This guide will help you to avoid mistakes which could drive up running costs. Guideline-AirMotors.pdf Continuous prevention, reduction and removal of dirt particles in assembly process. We recommend that you regularly update your software. In this way you will always receive the most up-to-date security updates, upgraded features and drivers.Prices are indicative only and may vary by country, with changes to the cost of raw materials and exchange rates. If you need additional information, please contact your DEPRAG Representative, one of our international support offices or us direct at DEPRAG. DANGER Reference to an immediate danger to a person. May lead to serious injuries or even death, if unobserved. Properly recycle environmentally damaging grease, cooling agents or detergents.
Vastly increased performance capabilities and constant miniaturisation have characterised the past decades of developments in electronics. DEPRAG SCHULZ GMBH u. CO. is known for their continued product optimisation and for introducing new developments for the assembly of miniaturised components. The specialists in screwdriving technology lead the market with an innovative screwdriver for tiny assemblies - the NANOMAT low-torque screwdriver. Therefore the DEPRAG NANOMAT is a screwdriver with one of the smallest torques on the market. Another application area is the optical industry where in the assembly of glasses, objectives, cameras, lens and microscopes tiny connection elements must be screw assembled. In the production of electronic products and components such as mobile telephones, calculators, games consoles and computers the miniaturisation of devices has a great influence on the type of assembly required. From the point of screw assembly the assembled elements behave as one complete part. The task of the screw is to join the component parts together so tightly that external influences cannot displace them. The attainment of this force - pre-load force, is determined by the designer but can only be measured with difficulty in series assembly - a large problem when trying to achieve zero error assembly. As a substitute the torque value with which the screw is assembled is used. This value can be calculated from the required pre-load force and is then used as value to determine correct screw assembly. Alongside the training of staff and the use of high quality material, the selection of the right screwdriving tool for the application plays the main role in guaranteeing processing reliability in assembly procedure. The extraordinary processing quality of the ergonomic NANOMAT low-torque screwdriver and its design for tough industrial conditions ensures an extremely long lifespan.
Please mount exhaust hose as follows: Disconnect the screwdriver from air supply. Unscrew the complete clutch bearing (left-hand thread). Remove the o-ring from the clutch bearing. Assemble the supplied o-ring 824932 into the groove of the support ring. Screws (up to) Drive hex.Disassemble the machine for the required disposal complete. Observe local and environmental regulations for the separation and recycling of materials. Recycle waste oil to avoid environmental contamination! Waste Oil. This is how the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research describes the role of microelectronics within their policy document from 24.06.2014. The Federal Government has recognised the meaning of this research arena for a long time and even considers this one of the central key technologies of modern industrial society. In the future research into micro and nano electronics will be even more strongly supported at the national and European level. The Federal Ministry for Education and Research will, within the framework of the development programme IKT 2020 Innovations, strengthen the dominant technological position of Germany in electronics in order to secure a competitive position and increase the attractiveness of Germany as a location for business. The commercial application areas of automobile, medicine, logistics, energy and machine building will thereby be significantly promoted in order to reach quality goals such as efficiency, security, user friendliness and resource efficiency. In the foreground of this support will be the smooth link between technologies and application fields with the aim of implementing research results as quickly as possible with economic success. Hidden from view beneath the product surface of all highly complicated electronic systems is the pressure to develop at an acceptable price, manufacture and bring onto the market an utterly reliable as well as energy efficient product.
The type of intelligent factory distinguished by adaptability, resourcefulness and ergonomics as well as integration of clients and business partners in the creation of business and adding value. DEPRAG places particular importance on self-optimisation, self-configuration, self-diagnosis and cognition which makes automation more intelligent which in turn can better support the workers in their increasingly complex tasks. The NANOMAT screwdriver reaches the high precision of the torque control due to the solid principle of the mechanical decoupler and shut-off clutch. A Cmk value of ? 1.67 expressed another way means an error percentage of only 0.6 per one million assemblies. Within the shortest time the pneumatic screwdriver can be set to the required torque without the need for special tools. The DEPRAG designers have given their NANOMAT low-torque screwdriver other advantages as well. The ergonomic handle enabling sensitive and precise screw handling, the integrated quick change chuck allowing quick and simple bit exchange without the need for tools. This means that standard bits with A3 connection in accordance with DIN ISO 1173 can be used. The vacuum suction from the integrated vacuum implement also provides great benefits, troublesome hoses around the handle or screw position are also eliminated. The NANOMAT spindles can be easily integrated and are particularly small in size. Test screwdriver are available in right rotation, left rotation and reversible, push-to-start or via remote valve. The standardised extremely slim-line design is ideal for miniature assemblies. The NANOMAT spindle screwdriver measures only 12 millimetres diameter and perfect for small gaps between screw positions in stationary use. Of course the NANOMAT spindle screwdriver also benefits from the famous DEPRAG guidance system which regulates optimal pressure on the screw via spring tension.
It is designed with excellent dynamics and high top torques to be the ideal driver for screw tightening. It has integrated torque recording, based on precise motor current measurement and the evaluation of additional dynamic influencing factors as well as torque measurement enabling exact control of multi-stage screwdriving processes and the documentation of screwdriving results. DEPRAG screwdrivers are based on EC technology and can boast a torque accuracy of The controller is very user friendly and allows exact and simple monitoring and control of the angle and torque. The sequence controller already contains standard screwdriving programs for assembly to torque and loosening to angle. Their parameters can be adapted to the screwdriving task via the touch screen. The AST6 enables free programming of screwdriving sequences. These can be created and adapted quickly and simply as required over the user interface provided by the integrated web server. There is no need for additional software as the parameterising and selection of controller functions can be carried out easily with any normal web browser or the touch display. Due to its small size the controller is particularly suited to stationary applications in confined spaces. The sequence controller AST6 proves itself as an all-rounder which allows storage, documentation and evaluation. The last seven production days are recorded and saved. Then screwdriving results data can be retrieved via the Ethernet connection. Additional functions such as the graphic display of screwdriving graphs, integrated SPC functions and comprehensive analysis options are also optionally available. Comprehensive software packages for screw joint analysis, documentation and processing data collection round off the options. The aim of a smart factory is one step closer due to DEPRAG.
The feed systems come with their own escapements and controls for delivering the screw to the driver. There are also options for using the AST controllers for sequence control and screw quality monitoring and counting. If the screw cant be blown in a tube; they also offer screw presenter which feed and present the screw for magnetic or vacuum bit manual bit picking. DEPRAG offers several designs of SFM including bit stroke only or head and bit stroke module sub-systems which automatically drive a blow fed screw from a feed system; these systems are usually offered in conjunction with their AST series of screw driver process control instruments. DEPRAG offers the entire sub-system or if you would like a higher value-added option they can supply the parts fixturing and stand alone semi-automatic station as a turnkey machine. The lighter weight and tighter packaging is desirable when using on a robotic arm. These systems add bearing support and torque isolation such that torques as high as 40NM can be accomplished on a smaller 10kg robot and without damaging the robot joints. The DCAM is a standard screwdriver automated machine which can be very cost effective as an alternative to a completely custom designed machine or DEPRAG has the ability to design and build a complete system built to your specs and delivered to your factory on time and on budget. These fasteners are specialized for joining dissimilar materials and often used in conjunction with adhesives. The process involves creating a hole through multiple laminates of different materials and thicknesses and self tapping threads for the joint. DEPARGS unique approach to this involves a servo closed loop feedback sensing system on the feed stroke so not to fracture the material on the exit side laminate. The result is a better and stronger funnel and joint.
Pliers are suited expecially for the use in mass production, where a person can suffer sustained, long-lasting and monotonous stress in performing tasks such as assembling clips or cutting wires with n equipment for your manual work station n ergonomic, reliable processing guidance of your tools with the sturdy screwdriver stand n all kinds of tightening tools such as bits and socket wrenches Individual solutions An economical and individually adapted complete solution for your screwdriving application. 8 KNOTS You Need to Know - How to tie knots that you will actually use. - Duration: 15:14. Outdoor Boys 2,959,507 views DGS Deprag Grinding System. Intuitive and adaptive robotic grinding Axial robotic grinding head. Robotic working place Our air grinder is designed for the manual, peripheral- and transverse grinding with grinding tips and when fabricating with carbide cutters. Your Advantages: For industrial applications, small and comfortable for good accessibility, highly durable, efficient, ergonomic, simple operation ded MINIMAT handheld Screwdriver pro-gram. All the tools within the extensive MINIMAT design series have the same ergonomic form which is especially impor-tant for use in an industrial environment, as well as the reliability and high durabil-ity, which is the basis for all DEPRAG pro-ducts. DEPRAG Software Solutions. The classification of these tools is based upon various criteria, such as: manual or stationary application Deprag 339269 A Pdf User Manuals. View online or download Deprag 339269 A Operating Instruction Booklet This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. DIY how to kill crabgrass. My crabgrass is not dying. How to prevent and control crabgrass - Duration: 10:53. Pest and Lawn Ginja 1,124,309 views DEPRAG air tools are distinguished by their long lifespan, power density and user friendliness. Effortless performance is quaranteed - even when working on areas which are difficult to reach.
Even for tiny assemblies DEPRAG fulfils constantly high requirements as a complete solution provider. The NANOMAT low-torque screwdrivers are of course supported by a whole range of periphery devices such as automated screw feeding systems, precise torque measurement instruments or reliable guidance stands for manual assembly. This is how you enable JavaScript in your browser settings: Read instruction. We therefore only select high quality assembly tools that are well-recognized and widely used. Due to the wide torque-range, designs that fit any application and by using the most modern drive-technology, the DEPRAG handheld screwdrivers assure a maximum process reliability for every configuration level. It is well suited for the continued use in a mass production environment. Its use in the controller- and switchboard construction is just as feasible as in an industrial recycling facility, in the mass-production assembly as well as in repair operations. We provide a complete range of the highest precision quality equipment as well as the best assembly solution for various industries such as automotive, automotive part suppliers, electronics, and other general industries. For a better experience, we recommend using another browser. Finn ut mer Facebook E-post eller telefon Passord Har du glemt kontoen din. Our recovery system can be used in a variety of industrial applications to convert excess heat or pressure energy to electrical power. When outfitted with an EC-screwdriving system, the complete acquisition of the processing data is possible. Besides the display of torque and angle values, it is also possible to display the status of screw-depth and screw-reloading, which allows the next cycle.The plier inserts can be operated in any cutting position by turning the complete plier head against the plier body and start-lever.
Within the performance range of each screwdriver, the torque, speed, stand-by-time, and rotational direction can be customized to the screw assembly task. Handheld EC screwdrivers feature high accuracy and comprehensive monitoring functions, both of which enable high process reliability. Want to achieve zero-reject production rates. Then play it safe with DEPRAG and check out our process-reliable stationary screwdriving technology for almost every assembly solution. Moreover, this new generation vibratory feeder is extremely energy efficient and is Industry 4.0 capable. The basis for the intelligent and sustainable production of tomorrow is here today.The straight and angle-head tools have a modified and rounded square grip that conforms to with the natural anatomy of an operator's hand. They have both standard modular equipment ready to integrate and they offer the value-added activities of designing and building custom tooled stations and machines if needed. In addition to standard screw driving automation products, DEPRAG has developed the latest drive technology used in Automotive final assembly plants for fastening dissimilar materials using Flow Fasteners. We will get back to you within 1-2 business days. Or just call us now.Their pneumatic screwdriver products cover a full spectrum of torque ranges from micro torque of.02NM to 80NM. They offer straight handle and pistol grip or angle head options. They offer several special purpose drivers like depth stop drivers and sensing drivers for when the seating torque is less than the driving torque. The EC series is a very popular series and can take the form of a hand held tool or a spindle mounted with automation. The torque value and angle is from advanced motor torque and rotation sensing using the AST series of instruments. The systems start with feeding the screws and blowing them in tubes to the screwdriver jaw set. DEPRAG has bowl type feeders, sword type feeders and the NEW step type feeders.
If you are looking for these tools, here you are right. DEPRAG Graph Viewer for evaluation of screwdriving curves 19 DEPRAG Data eXchange 19 TIA Link 19 Software Solutions for MINIMAT-ED Digital Electric Screwdriver, stationary 21 Possible combinations with MINIMAT-ED, the digital electric screwdriver 21 Interface 330E with software 330 OS BASIC 21 DePrAG ec ScreWDrIVer - flexible for the highest standards The DEPRAG EC screwdrivers all. Despite the slight lift in spirits in Germany's economy, which was reflected in the Ifo Business Climate Index at the beginning of the year, order rates in the industrial goods industry are unsteady. Pessimists anticipate not only a decline in exports, but also a slump in production investments at home. Reduced workloads on existing equipment and machines are an additional concern to those in positions of responsibility. Work places are in danger. However, within the crisis there is also opportunity. There is a recognisable trend in systems technology which moves away from large fully automated machines and leans towards variable manual systems. According to the January survey of the Munich Ifo Institute for Economic Research, approximately 7000 companies reported increased business expectations in comparison to last month. However, in these times of economic uncertainty large capital investments are avoided. Even with alternating operators, well-prepared production does not present any processing difficulties. The automation experts DEPRAG equip their manual work stations with EC or EC-Servo screwdrivers and sequence controllers from their standard programme. These EC screwdrivers enable free programming of the screw parameters. Within the performance range of each spindle torque, speed, waiting period and rotational direction can be individually customised to the screw assembly task. Varied torque parameters can be set for several screw positions in one cycle when using manoeuvrable spindles.
Integrated torque and angle recording allows precise control of the screw parameters as well as documentation of important processing parameters. The addition of a DEPRAG position controller ensures additional processing reliability. This controller coordinates the entire production process. The sequential order of the various screw parameters can occasionally play a vital role for processing reliability when assembling several screws on one component. Screws can only be assembled if the operator has followed the correct order. The position controller governs all manual procedures. This includes such functions as clamping and locking work pieces, automatic feeding of joining elements and activating measurement functions. The complete assembly sequence, including all measurement data ascertained, is processed in the controller module. This enables such actions as the opening of receiver equipment for part removal, printer activation or data transfer of assembly results. They provide a low-cost answer to market challenges in periods of stagnation and economic crisis. In times when order volumes are unstable, small assembly cells enable flexibility and adaption in production. Fully automated systems are inflexible. Low production rates generate expensive surplus capacities. When demand is high however, large systems working at capacity may not be able to manage the required quantities.These are known as DCAMs (DEPRAG COMPACT ASSEMBLY MODULES). At the Automatica trade fair 2008, amongst other innovations DEPRAG presented their new DCAM-XS the smallest member of the DCAM-family. This micro assembly machine has extremely small dimensions (450 x 802 x 680 millimetres) and the module's fast changeover time of under a minute is unparalleled. The pick position of feeders or process modules can be changed without additional readjustments. The assembly unit is also renowned for its quick changeover times for bits or screwdriving modules.
Numerous companies, which assemble electronic parts, have voiced their appreciation of these flexible assembly machines. Countless small components must be assembled when manufacturing equipment such as razors, electric toothbrushes, digital cameras, navigation systems or other electronic systems for cars. This of course is also the case for the production of mobile telephones. Each DCAM can assemble up to tens of thousands of mobile phones per day and there are hundreds in use all over the world. Whether equipped with a linear transfer assembly line or a rotary indexing table, these systems combine the fastest assembly cycles with the highest flexibility. The DCAM assembly cells designed for mobile phone manufacturers are predominately based on multi-spindle concepts. A four spindle DCAM, XYZ-programmable and equipped with a rotary indexing table enables a cycle time of 1.6 seconds per 4 screws. Calculating the performance of the machine on the basis of mobile phones with 6 screws results in a three shift production rate of 36,000 mobile phones. Whilst assembling screws, the system also automatically checks all assembly related quality control issues. This includes testing for screw presence, screw depth and torque and angle values. Errors are displayed on an interface module and must be acknowledged and reset before the system is approved for the next assembly cycle. Flexibility can be decisive for economic success in times of crisis. High investment costs and long amortisation periods are associated with fully automated large systems. Whereas by using small flexible assembly systems the amount of operators can be adjusted to correspond with production rates. Costs are proportional to demand and the quality of the product does not suffer.Their technicians work together with the customer to create a tailor-made final result which consists of products from the company's wide range of standard components.
DEPRAG proves that there are still innovative production solutions to be found during the economic downturn.Dieser ist in der Regel auch Urheber der Pressetexte sowie der angehangten Bild-, Ton- und Informationsmaterialien. Die Nutzung von hier veroffentlichten Informationen zur Eigeninformation und redaktionellen Weiterverarbeitung ist in der Regel kostenfrei. Bitte klaren Sie vor einer Weiterverwendung urheberrechtliche Fragen mit dem angegebenen Herausgeber.Use the QR-code (shown on the print version of each press release) to get redirected to the corresponding page on PresseBox with your smartphone without typing the URL manually. Just follow these simple steps. QR-codes work like bar codes, which you can find on your milk carton, for example. A software decrypts the QR-code and directs you to a web page - so you do not even need to know the web address to reach it. Dieser ist in der Regel auch Urheber der Pressetexte sowie der angehangten Bild-, Ton- und Informationsmaterialien. Bitte klaren Sie vor einer Weiterverwendung urheberrechtliche Fragen mit dem angegebenen Herausgeber.Dieser ist in der Regel auch Urheber der Pressetexte sowie der angehangten Bild-, Ton- und Informationsmaterialien. Bitte klaren Sie vor einer Weiterverwendung urheberrechtliche Fragen mit dem angegebenen Herausgeber.You can find further information including software recommendations for your smartphone at. D (for EP) part sensor order no. The Use of the DEPRAG INDUSTRIAL Tools: Our pneumatic tappers are ideally suited for the tapping of threads, as well as the cleaning of threads in materials such as steel, aluminum and other alloys in automotive- and machine-building industries.MOTEK is the leading trade show for handling and assembly. DEPRAG air tools are distinguished by their long lifespan, power density and user friendliness. The sequence controller already includes standard screwdriving programs for tightening to torque and loosening to angle.
Manual Workstations DEPRAG SCHULZ GMBH u.O. robust. Effortless performance is deprag d 92224 amberg manual quaranteed deprag d 92224 amberg manual - even when working on areas which are difficult to reach.DEPRAG air tools are distinguished by their long lifespan, power density and user friendliness. D Cordless Screwdriver with mechanical shut-off clutch. Please contact us, if you require CAD-data, drawings, technical specifications or operating instruction booklets for a particular tool. CO P.O. DEPRAG verzeichnet erfolgreichstes Jahr der Firmengeschichte.Manual workstation flexibility scores top marks. The tappers are equipped with a flexible chuck that perfectly guides the tap-insert and cuts a straight thread, even if the tapper is held at a. Screwdriving Technology Automation DEPRHG Screw Presenter An economical way to automate your production flexible through interchangeable guide-rails suitable for virtually all screw-types feeding principle is gentle on screws self-sufficient because of its integrated control compact design You are looking for a quick solution to automate your assembly, but an automatic screwfeeder is not. P. Download CAD models, drawings, etc. DEPRAG stationary screwdrivers are designed for the use in the industrial assembly process. n. flexible. feed rate Filling capacity Operating voltage (DC) Power consumption Dimensions (W x D x H) Weight Type Part no. Pokud hledate takove naradi, jste. CO. Robotic working place. Torque range from - deprag d 92224 amberg manual Nm robust, long life cycle brushless electric drive lowest maintenance requirements highest shut-off accuracy highest process reliability The MINIMAT-E screwdriver operates using the well-established principle of the mechanical MINIMAT. D E Screwdriving technology Automation Air motors Air tools Services By selecting a DEPRAG product, you can be assured to receive the highest possible quality and most advanced technology. Operator friendly. E (for ES) connection piece order no.
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